The Philosophical Thesis Of Incompatibilism - 966 Words

The philosophical thesis of incompatibilism, at moments, seems very puzzling because it has two opposite ideas in it; hard determinism and libertarian free will. How can hard determinists and libertarians be comparable in a thesis called incompatibilism, when the two of them have two very opposite concepts? One denies free will, and the other one endorse it. It is comprehensible when both determinism and indeterminism are being compared, but not when we do it with compatibilism and incompatibilism; These last two concepts do not appear to be coherent with the concept of freedom. Hard determinists are those who says everything is determined, and it follows from that that we are not free, that we do not have morally significance freedom (Chaffee). For example: If a person chooses salt over sugar, that choice was not his or her choice because it was pre-determined, and was caused by something. The problem of free will comes down to the notion of moral responsibility. On the contrary, someone that thinks that free will is incompatible with determinism, that we do have free will and that therefore determinism is false, is called a Libertarian. Nothing forces a libertarian to do what he/she wants to do freely. For example, imagine a person is at the supermarket and has in front of him the potato section and the sweet potato section. He chooses to grab a potato instead of a sweet potato. At that very moment, when he is grabbing the potato, he has chosen to grab the potato.Show MoreRelated The Free Will Debate Essay2989 Words   |  12 PagesThe unique ability that each and every individual possesses that enable him/her to control their actions is known as free will. Free will is directly connected to two other vital philosophical issues: freedom of action and moral accountability, which is the main reason why the debate is so vital. Simply stated, a person who has free will refers to an individual’s ability to choose his or her route of action. However, animals also appear to suit this measure, further adding to the debate because freeRead MoreThe Nature Of Free Will Essay2312 Words   |  10 Pagesor social or psychological phenomena are causally determined by preceding events or natural laws.† Whether or not determinism is true is an empirical matter that can only be solved by scientific inquiry into how the world works and not through philosophical arguments. However, the implications of the truth of determinism would’ve have a significant effect on free will. There are two ways in which the world could turn out not t o be deterministic. One would be if there are things in the universe thatRead MoreHuman Freedom And The Self1822 Words   |  8 PagesOne of the big dilemmas in the philosophical community surrounds whether humans have free will in determining their choices or whether forces outside human control determine actions. A solution to the problem has long been sought since it involves one of the core beliefs about human nature. Furthermore, whether or not humans have free will has influence on whether humans can be subject to praise or blame. Within this problem, there are three main schools of thought: compatibilism, hard determinism

Welfare Policy And The American Government - 1162 Words

Welfare Policy Lana Eliot Sociology 320 Professor Mentor March 26, 2016 When a person first hears the word welfare, they think of free money, food and lazy people. This is such a stereotyped opinion of all that the welfare system is and what it does for millions of individuals and families in the United States. To socially define welfare one could view it as a: social effort designed to promote the basic physical and material well-being of people in need† (dictionary.com). Because there are so many different views on welfare the American government has attempted to create a welfare policy for all Americans to follow and acknowledge. But who or what defined happiness? Who makes the decision on what Americans are considered to be in need? Federal, state, and local governments have implemented guidelines to answer these very questions, but like many policies in America there is ridicule and controversy. Welfare has become an issue here in America. There are many unanswered questions from who is eligible, to how long a person or family can receive be nefits. The welfare system that we have today is far from perfect and many people feel there need to be a lot of changes made to it so it is implemented to better serve a bigger variety of Americans. This is not a very easy process as there are many steps the government must take before this will occur. I think that it is the responsibility of policy actors to make changes in our current welfare system we have inShow MoreRelatedMandatory Drug Testing Should Be Banned1365 Words   |  6 Pageswhether or not welfare recipients in particular should be subjected to mandatory drug testing. According to Besonen, programs such as welfare were created in the 1930s to temporarily aid struggling Americans to help get them back up on their feet. (Besonen, 2014). Government assistance at that time also offered incredible medical benefits and this is also around time is when the â€Å"war on drugs† was declared. At the height of todays society, it is no longer temporary nor shot term. S ome Americans have resortedRead MoreThe Effect Of Media On Classism1484 Words   |  6 Pageswas built on the concept of the American dream. The idea that anyone can achieve success if they just work hard enough and are determined enough is very lucrative. Unfortunately the American dream is not as obtainable as many think. 65% of children raised in the bottom fifth income bracket will remain in the bottom two brackets (Adams, et al., 2013, p. 143). This means that even with hard work and determination the majority of Americans will not achieve the American dream. When a person has basedRead MoreArgumentation on TANF a form of Medicaid Essay965 Words   |  4 Pageswith this policy implemented by Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program. The government fails to realize they are misleading the household and the mind set of the family members living in the household. This realization leads me to ask the question, does welfare have a color? Has the welfare line become the mode rn day Mason Dixon line? I believe that welfare was promoted as a way to help families in crisis, but the true purpose was to destroy African American families. The welfare system appearsRead More Politics and Poverty Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesPolitics and Poverty Today there is a split in American politics on how to combat poverty. Throughout history, how America combats poverty has changed depending on what party is running the government. There has been a number of different parties however, Republican, Democrat, The Bull Moose Party, and other various ones. However, these views can be put into two main categories: The Liberal ideology and the Conservative ideology. There are three areas, which have broad and differing views on howRead MoreWelfare Reform : The United States1435 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States onto the historically unprecedented path of the welfare of the welfare state. In the wake of his footsteps, aggressive expansion has grown welfare programs to include everything from Medicare to food stamps. Many would say that the US government is not only obligated morally to provide welfare but also that it provides extensive societal economic windfalls. However, critics of welfare argue that the flaws of the US welfare system and its runaway nature outweigh the potential benefitsRead MoreI Am Writing About The Social Welfare System Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Welfare System. How a system that was created for the purpose of helping the needy, has now become a highway for people to abuse of it. This public policy program has come to be a very controversial subject on both sides of the political arena. Originally created d uring the Great Depression, where the majority of households, through no fault of their own were living in poverty. Although many changes to the system have been made, the original focus is the same. To prevent American citizensRead MoreRacially Oppressive Policies in the US1401 Words   |  6 Pagesby the U.S. government, which used policies, social arrangements, and institutional patterns (class notes 10-6-10) to further embed race into American society. The government helped to increase white’s superiority. When the government could not do it all publicly they brought in the private sector. The public and private sector then joined forces to maintain the superiority of whites. The government being part of the public sector has used its dominating power to create several policies that assistRead MoreWelfare Policy During The Great Depression1439 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Policy has helped an abundance of people in America. Sometimes, unforeseen events occur and assistance is needed. Because of these troubling circumstances, the need for institution and development of welfare programs came about. The American Welfare Policy has good intent; it has helped millions of people through its time. Although, there are many that believe our Welfare Policy is in great need of reform and the abuse of the system must come to an end. Welfare policy made its formal debutRead MoreThe American Dream1302 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream is the ideal of every citizen of The United States having equal opportunity to prosper through willpower and initiative. As quoted by Feldman and Steenbergen, â€Å"Americans believe that people should take responsibility for solving their own problems. At the same time, problems are sometimes too large for a single individual to solve, and when this is the case it is a moral right to ask for help and a moral duty to provide it† (660). This considered, take the situation of an employedRead MoreEssay On Marginalization1727 Words   |  7 Pages Policy Midterm America’s Current Social Welfare Sate Valentina Leto Stony Brook University Part I: Explain briefly 8 terms or concepts Marginalization Marginalization is the social process of isolating individuals, groups, and communities. Marginalization is the way in which society oppresses minority groups through social, political, economic, and geographic means. Discrimination and prejudices exist within our nation today creating a society where marginalization exists. Some

Impact of Advertisement on Sales of a Product

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Impact of Advertisement on Sales of a Product. Answer: Introduction Advertisement can be defined as a means of non-personal presentation in promoting ideas or goods and services by a company to its customers. Advertisements are always paid for since a media has to be used in conveying the message. Advertisement can be divided into three different errors including the pre-marketing error, dating back to the mid eighteenth century where buyers and sellers only met in private places. During this period, means such as taverns were used to advertise a product. The mass communication error was then introduced in the mid 1700. This made advertising quite easy since a large population was able to get the information faster through broadcast media. The latest advertising method has been introduced in the research era; this method is able to reach the narrowly targeted group. Here, every group has its message thats basically intended for it. Advertising is a popular concept in marketing practice in the sphere of commerce. It connotes marketing communication ai med at promoting the sale of a product, majorly in a business context. Brand equity has become a major issue in most organizational environments; therefore a lot of research has been put in place to manage, increase and quantify branding (Keller and Lehmann, 2006). This study works on advertising features such as non- monetary promotions and what exactly is contained in the advert. Some of the frameworks used to identify the consumers taste about a brand include; loyalty of the brand and its associations, brand awareness and its perceived quality. However, some factors have to be considered while advertising a brand to a consumer; country of origin, age of the brand, likely risks of the brand and the market size among others. (Simon and Sullivan, 1993) The study investigates the association of two marketing elements i.e sales promotion and advertising. Specifically, my research focuses on advertising of new brands in a quantitative and qualitative manner. The study also aims at showing how advertising is important in influencing brand equity dimensions by improving the consumers awareness. The proposal will focus on the various aspects of research including the Problem Statement, Research Objectives, the project Justification/rationale, anticipated/expected research result or Output, Research Hypothesis, Conceptual Framework, Organization and Methodology of the Study. The project timeline, listing the budget estimates and the Gantt chart, will also be dealt with. Problem Statement Currently, the marketing era has become competitive, therefore many managers in different business organizations have to employ and adopt latest branding and advertising promotional tools in order to sell their products. Advertising therefore remains the major tool in information dissemination to the market whenever a new product is to be introduced. This makes the consumers aware of the new product hence they gain the interest to purchase and use the products. The relevant statement of the research is the impact of advertising and branding on the sales of a new product in a business organization. However, even with the above and many more advantages of advertising in impacting sales and organizational success, not much research have been conducted to unveil the holistic impacts of the undertaking. There is not sufficient research-oriented evidence that links advertising and branding to world economies directly or through proxies (Lake, 2016). Effectively, therefore, the research seeks to fill these gaps. It seeks to explore and evaluate the impacts of proper advertising and branding policy and practice on the pace of growth and expansion of an organization and its general marketing success in the long run. Research Objectives The main objective underlying all advertising is building primary demand and increasing awareness among consumers of a new product. Its also clear that companies spend a lot of money on advertisement with the aim of increasing profitability and reputation of the company. As is conventional, the answers to these research questions will help meeting the requirements of the objectives stated above. The will help bring out the aspects of advertising and branding under consideration. Other broad objectives are: To increase market share through advertising. To build brand performance and recognition through advertising. To develop overseas market. Justification of the project This study properly researched and supervised will enable groups such as supermarkets, policy makers, practitioners, experts and other scholars in conveying a lot of information in decision making and operations when advertising and branding a product. In addition, other officials responsible for marketing in various companies more so those involved in consumer production sector will be well conversant will the advantages and disadvantages of advertising. Despite all the above being put into consideration, consultancies involved in promotion and other researchers still need more information to successfully carry out their study. The commercial message with sound quality overwhelms the consumers when they see or hear it. Researching in this area to make such facts bare and accessible is fundamental in contributing to the best marketing practice and organization development. Moreover, the focus on the impacts of the advertising on the sales volume most addresses the positive aspects on ly. However, in this research, the focus is not only on its positive effects but also on the negative effects. The research will also delve on the entirety of the spectrum in the sense of its effect on the companys marketing practice and organizational success (Landau, 2015). Expected Research Output / Outcomes In markets, business activities are characterized by global competition and changes in technological developments or consumers preference and taste and other market forces that lead to decreased product life cycle within the market environment (McAlister, 2007). Due to such uncertainties, business persons must strategize to offer services that their competitors do not offer; this is achievable by having a positive reputation. These services should as well be long term, this links to the branding concept (Mizik, 2008). To gain sustainable competitive advantage, one can promote branding and branding equity in a wider perspective. This research expects to clearly bring out the following elements. The practical benefits of active and proper advertising and branding and how it has led to marketing and organizational success in specific case stories. Working methodologies of promoting branding and advertising to achieve greater heights of organizational success. The proposal will also highlight the negative impacts of the practice, showing how the negative cases came about. It will then highlight the methods of overcoming the negative aspects. The above mentioned outcomes define the scope of work of the proper research so that the relevant apparatus will be directed accordingly (Buholaiqah, 2009). Conceptual Framework To understand a brand, one has to go beyond the logo, image or the tagline on the product. However, a consumer should look at a set of relationships and expectations from a product. After all, its the customers view about a product that determines whether he or she will purchase the product. There are some slight differences that a sales manager has to be will conversant with; for example, a product is always in the shop of a retailer whereas a brands is an imagination on the consumers mind, its so difficult to copy a brand as compared to copying a product by your competitor and finally, a brand last for long time periods compared to a product that quickly gets outdated. (Batey, 2008). Its also clear that consumers do not have a close association with a product as compared to a brand that has a set of promises with it. Therefore good brands stick for long in the consumers mind hence increasing their purchasing power thus promoting the companies name. Despite having a strong brand pro file, advertisement communication to the buyers is paramount to ensure the quick sale of the brand, otherwise if the communication is weak then the brand will definitely fail. To build a strong brand, a manager has to understand the competitors taste. Even though developing strong brands take a very long time, new brands need to be relevant and appealing to the buyers hence need to change over years to adapt with the changing consumers taste (Batey, 2008). Research Hypothesis As is conventional in research the hypotheses holds the positions that will be proved or questions that will answered by the outcomes of the research process. Accordingly, null and alternate hypotheses are often about the same principles. H 0(a): Advertising serve as communication gadgets by companies to its customers. H 1(a): Advertisement does not increase the revenue stream to the company leading to an increased and widened profit margin. H 0(b): Advertising has an Impact of increased revenue stream to the company. H 1(b): Advertising has no impact of organizational success to the company. H0 (c) Advertising has the impact of causing organization success to the company . Methodology In undertaking the research to test the above hypotheses, various methodologies will be employed, some of which involves the consumers whiles others engage the records of the company. In this regard, in investigating the effects (positive and negative) of advertising on the companys revenue stream and profitability, model companies will be selected. Six companies that practice active advertising in their marketing mix will be randomly sampled to help in the study and analysis. Those with exceptional result in profitability and revenue stream will be used as control. Their financial statement with the same trading year will be analyzed in terms of rate of stock turn over, revenue stream, profitability or losses among other financial analysis parameters. Further, the movement path of the product of the model companies will be followed for the most advertised product vis--vis the less advertised one to demarcate the effect of advertisement. This will ensure practical observation of the product movement through the market chains is achieved. This in turn will help explain the difference between the practices of advertisement in terms of product performance in the market. The other methods of obtaining information will include using key informant interviews using the Sales executives, financial controllers and the CEOs of the respective companies sampled. The conversation with the officials of the companies will focus on the advertisement implementation schemes of their companies and the effects on the balance sheet over the one year financial year. The use of questionnaires and surveys will be used in data gathering. In conducting the research on advertise, the following fact of the path of commodity movement in the channel must be understood. The product being advertised passes through the following stages in the hands of the consumer; (Naik, 2003) Introduction Stage: consumers are for the first time introduced to a new product in the market. This is the earliest stage in advertisement and the sales here for the product are very low but a lot of money is used in advertising the product. This is majorly because most consumers arent aware of the new product therefore advertisement is critical. Growth Stage: A good number of customers are well informed of the new product through advertising and the sales start to increase. Consumers buy more of the product after theyre convinced that this is the good or service they really need. The company starts making profits at this stage since less is spent on advertisement of the new product. Maturity Stage: Advertisement of the new product is still on though most customers are aware of the product. At this stage, total profits are still high though it continues to decline since the product is accepted by most of the buyers. Decline Stage: Most consumers exhaust the product or service under subject and tend to shift to the new products in the market. The sales and profits made here start to decline at a faster rate. The research will be conducted to evaluate the likely effects of advertising on the benefits the company and also the consumers view about the concept of labeling. The major focus is to obtain how and advertising shapes the customer perception of the product in question and how this translates into sales. (Naik and Raman, 2003). The consumers on the other hand must go through other additional processes including; Awareness Stage: At this stage, the consumers do not have information about the product but they are made aware of the new product being introduced by the company. Interest Stage: Consumers develop interest in the new product and start being inquisitive, the advertising sector of the company therefore comes in to describe the new product to the buyer. Evaluation Stage: The consumer compares the new product with the other initially used, he/she weighs the advantages and the disadvantages and finally makes the decision to try the product or not. Trial Stage: Consumers give the new product a trial over a period of time then compares the taste to the products initially used. Adoption Stage: Consumer finally decides and uses the good or service on a regular basis. Post-Adoption Confirmation Stage: This is the last stage where the consumer gets the assurance that he made the right decision to using the good on a regular basis. (Heaton, 2015). Data Analysis: Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies will be employed in this research. The data collected through the surveys and the questionnaires will be collated and statistically analyzed through the authentic packages. Thereupon, the analyzed data will be subjected to metaphysical and logical critiquing and reasoning to ensure the most probable conclusion. Qualitative Analysis: This analysis seeks to establish a causal link between the data generated from the collection and the expected happening to firm up the reasoning. The literary concepts are engaged to come up with an origin for forming a united association based on the learning from the online discussions and research. Alternative methods popular in this regard include FGD(focus groups discussion), thorough interviews, key informant interview and checking of documents. Inductive investigation and reason is particularly popular with this method to formulate a theory or hypothesis. Statistical tests are not engaged. (Nfs Gov., 1997). Quantitative Analysis: Statistical operations are used in this case. Items like tables, figures, excel sheets, pie charts and statistical functions are used. The collected data are manipulated in the process of statistical and mathematical modeling to produce patterns displayed in graphs to better explain the situation. Tools such as frequency distribution, regression analysis and central tendency measurement which are in the domain of descriptive statistics are used in this case. In analyzing the thesis, several tools which will tend to analyze whether the contemplated hypothesis are to be accepted or declined. In this research, just as has been mentioned, both the methods above will be complementarily engaged to develop the solution in handling the stated problem. Data realized through the questionnaires, interviews, survey and secondary sources will be organized in an orderly manner to enable seamless deployment of the two methods. Study Framework My study is expected to test the validity of the works done previously by other researchers in relation to my study. The existing theory will be used as a means of understanding the conflicting ideas among researchers. This research will be executed in a stepwise and organized fashion. The framework will include handling every segment in differentiated but linked chapters in the final report. Accordingly, the various segments will be assigned various time limits complete with the proposed budget. This will enable proper accounting for every resource used and the remaining bits. (Leighton, 2012). Timeline The time budget for the research operation can be mapped using the Gantt chart as shown below: Week Task 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Identification of Topic Finding Background Information Literature Review Collection Evaluation of Findings Research Design Data Collection Data Analysis a Expected outcome Identification Submission of Report Gantt chart: Proposed Budget and Its Justification The proposed cost for this study is $5800- $7800. All arrangements will be made to ensure that the various activities are carried out during the specified time frames as shown in the Gantt chart. The budget has taken care of the cost of acquisition of the resource documents from government departments and other organizations. It has also taken care of any unplanned activity and that is why the approximation is wide enough. The proposed cost will include the elements below: Review of the Literature will incorporate different resources such as textbooks, journals and online among other sources for the purpose of acquisition of data. The assigned cost is approximated to be $1300- $1600. The Data Collection method will involve; preparation and printing of questionnaires, their collection and distribution, facilitation of research assistants while researching and creating of mails. The budget for this will be $1800- $2500. Miscellaneous such as visiting government libraries for documents could also require some fee. This is budgeted for at $700-$1000. Data Analysis which will account for $2000- $2700. My parents will sponsor the whole of my project in case it goes through the proposal stage. The total budget for the operation is estimated to be in the range of $5800- $7800. The breakdown is shown below. Purpose Approximated Cost Literature Review $1300 - $1600 Data Collection $1800 - $2500 Data Analysis $2000 - $2700 Miscellaneous $700 - $1000 Total $5800 - $7800 References Batey, M. (2008), Brand Meaning, Taylor Francis Group, New York Buholaiqah, A. (2009). Employment Branding:The Impact of Company Image and Training. California State University. Retrieved from https://web.csulb.edu/colleges/cba/honors/thesis/documents/Ahmed_Thesis.pdf Dolatabadi, H. R., Kazemi, A., Soltani, N. (2012, November). The Impact of Brand Personality on Product Sale through Brand Equity (Case Study: Cosmetic Products Retailers). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 02(11), 1-16. Retrieved from https://www.hrmars.com/admin/pics/1320.pdf Heaton, J. (2015). Invisible Consequences: How Branding Impacts B2B Sales. Invisible Consequences. Retrieved from https://www.tronviggroup.com/invisible-consequences/ Keller KL, Lehmann DR. Brands and branding: research findings and future priorities. Marketing Science 2006; 25(6): 740-759. Keller, K. L. (2004). BRANDS AND BRANDING: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND FUTURE PRIORITIES. Dartmouth College , Tuck School of Business . Retrieved from https://bear.warrington.ufl.edu/CENTERS/MKS/invited/BRANDS%20AND%20BRANDING.pdf Lake, L. (2016). What is Branding and Why is It Important? Branding Basics. Retrieved from https://marketing.about.com/od/brandstrategy/u/brandbasics.htm Landau, J. (2015). What is Branding? WHAT IS BRANDING? Retrieved from https://www.brickmarketing.com/define-branding.htm Leek, S., Christodoulides, G. (2004). A LITERATURE REVIEW AND FUTURE AGENDA FOR B2B BRANDING: CHALLENGES OF BRANDING IN A B2B CONTEXT. University of Birmingham, Birmingham Business School, Edgbaston. Retrieved from https://www.impgroup.org/uploads/papers/7395.pdf Leighton, J., Bird, G. (2012). The Effect of Branding on Consumer Choice. Original Research Report. Retrieved from https://www.packagingfedn.co.uk/images/reports/The%20Effect%20of%20Branding%20on%20Consumer%20Choice.pdf Lipksy, T. (2016). 4 EXAMPLES OF BRAND STRATEGY DRIVING ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS. 4 EXAMPLES OF BRAND STRATEGY DRIVING ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS. Retrieved from https://www.setteradvertising.com/4-examples-of-brand-strategy-driving-organizational-success Maurya, U. K., Mishra, P. (2012). What is a brand? A Perspective on Brand Meaning. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(3). Retrieved from https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/viewFile/1322/1244 Nfs Gov. (1997). Analyzing Qualitative Data. NFS. Retrieved from https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1997/nsf97153/chap_4.htm Naik, P. A., Raman, K. (2003). Understanding the impact of synergy in multimedia communications. Journal of Marketing Research, 40(4), 375-388. Pauwels, K., Silva-Risso, J., Srinivasan, S., Hanssens, D. M. (2004). New products, sales promotions, and firm value: The case of the automobile industry. Journal of marketing, 68(4), 142-156. McAlister, L., Srinivasan, R., Kim, M. (2007). Advertising, research and development, and systematic risk of the firm. Journal of Marketing, 71(1), 35-48. Mizik, N., Jacobson, R. (2008). The financial value impact of perceptual brand attributes. Journal of Marketing Research, 45(1), 15-32. Simon CJ, Sullivan NW. The Measurement and Determinants of Brand Equity: A Financial Approach. Marketing Science 1993; 12(November): 28-52

Socrates Nature-Nurture Essays - Socratic Dialogues,

Socrates: Nature-Nurture Nature-Nurture Many things affect people and how they behave based on genetics and what type of environment they are raised in. Part of a person or animal's behavior stems from behaviors which are innate or what they are exposed to in life. Socrates is a dog who has a unique mutation where he also possesses human characteristics. Several events factor why he behaves the way he does through the abusive environment he lives in, and through his dog-like nature. Socrates' personality and behavior is partly influenced through the environment he lives in. In the beginning, environment plays a large role in developing Socrates. The reason he became mutated is because of the environment he was exposed to, which were the electrical X-rays at the professor's house. The environment of the X-rays that Socrates and the other puppies were exposed to seemed to be the one that caused the mutation. Another factor that contributed to Socrates' behavior was Jennings, who constantly surrounds him in an abusive environment. Jennings finds that Socrates is a unique dog and that he can learn tricks easily. In teaching Socrates, Jennings uses a system of punishments by whipping and beating on Socrates so that he will learn the tricks immediately. Through this environment, Socrates learns to continually be in fear of Jennings. If Socrates had lived with the professor, he would have grown to become better educated and taught more human-like characteristics. The p rofessor would have kept Socrates away from any harm and shelter him from people like Jennings who want to have Socrates strictly for financial gain. Nature played a big part in developing Socrates' behavior. Even though Socrates possessed many human characteristics, he always had his dog-like nature. Socrates still kept his loyalty towards Jennings, due to the ?man's best friend? factor although Jennings always abused him. Even when the professor attempted to kill Jennings, Socrates was continually loyal to his master that he even gave his own life to attempt to save Jennings from drowning. Another characteristic of his dog nature is his sense of smell. All dogs have an acute sense of smell and Socrates was able to use that to his advantage to find the professor. He also could sense other things that humans could not, such as sounds and images that are out of our absolute threshold. While visiting the professor, Socrates was able to associate with other dogs, like Tess, and he enjoyed being in contact her since she is also a dog. Behaviorists and Freudians would address the nature-nurture question in different ways. In a nature-nurture environment in a behaviorist's view, the way a person is treated due to punishments and rewards. Through experiencing particular ways of punishments and rewards, a person's behavior and personality is developed. In a Freudians view of the nature-nurture issue, expressed would be the biological factors behind the behavioral and mental process. Hidden conflict in the mind through a Freudian's point-of-view would motivate much of a person's behavior. Also the role of environment where Socrates comes into contact with different types of people such as Jennings and the professor, is an issue that deals with Freudian views. Freudians believe that who a person comes into social contact with can help shape a person's personality development. Psychology Essays

How to Make Metamucil Flubber (Recipe)

How to Make Metamucil Flubber (Recipe) This recipe makes the non-sticky sort of rubber or gelatinous slime that is known as flubber. The difficulty is average, but only takes about 15 minutes! Flubber Slime Ingredients 1 teaspoon Metamucil or similar soluble fiber8 ounces watermicrowave-safe bowlmicrowave ovenfood coloring (optional) How To Make Metamucil Flubber Mix 1 teaspoon of Metamucil with 1 cup (8 ounces) of water in a microwaveable bowl. You can add a drop or two of food coloring if you wish. Alternatively, you could add a little powdered drink mix or flavored gelatin to get color/flavor.Place bowl in the microwave and nuke on high for 4-5 minutes (actual time depends on microwave power) or until the goo is about to bubble out of the bowl. Turn off the microwave.Let the mixture cool slightly, then repeat step 3 (microwave until about to overflow). The more times this step is repeated the more rubbery the substance will become. The purpose of the cooling step is to check the consistency of the slime and prevent it from overflowing the container.After 5-6 microwave runs, (carefully - hot hot HOT) pour the flubber onto a plate or cookie sheet. A spoon can be used to spread it out.Allow to cool. There you have it! Non-stick flubber. A knife or cookie cutters may be used to cut the flubber into interesting shapes. The shapes will slowly me lt as the slime flows. Flubber can be stored at room temperature in a sealed baggie for several months. It will last indefinitely in a sealed bag in the refrigerator. Useful Tips If the flubber is sticky then the amount of water needs to be reduced. It should be clammy, but not sticky. Use less water next time.Please use adult supervision. Molten fluids and microwaves are involved!

Dont Hate the Authors Buy Book Reports Online and See the Light at the End of the Tunnel

Dont Hate the Authors Buy Book Reports Online and See the Light at the End of the Tunnel Dont Hate the Authors: Buy Book Reports Online and See the Light at the End of the Tunnel Have you been assigned to read one of the hard to decipher classics and then write a lengthy detailed book report demonstrating that you read and understood the themes, events and the author’s intention or style? If you begin to read the book and find it too far out of reach you might want to consider the fact that you can buy book reports online.   Why? There are many reasons to consider this option. Classics Teach about the Different and Subjective World of the Past The classics teach about a different from today ´s world that many younger readers know little about. It will be hard for someone who has little experience in life to grasp the themes and ideas behind the classics because they simply do not have the experience to relate to the book. It is challenging for one with limited life experience to appreciate the details and themes of the classics and it may be that they would gain more by reading the classics in maturity as opposed to youth. So, if you struggle with a task to read a â€Å"heavy† novel, think about book reports online. Forced Reading Causes Resentment towards Book Authors and Reading Itself It is indeed a good thing to read the classics as they can give you a perspective, shape your thinking and confirm things you have always suspected. The problem lies in the lack of choice given to students. We naturally resent anything we must do, regardless of the actual quality of the literature itself. It is akin to being forced to eat our vegetables when younger and growing to hate vegetables because of it. When we choose to read for enjoyment or curiosity we are able to relax and appreciate the literature at our own pace. Reading a Book While Never Fully Grasping It Is a Bad Use of Time With all of the other tasks and assignments students have, spending a disproportionate time on a book because it is hard to understand, and then not really gaining anything from reading, as it was likely rushed, is a bad use of time. The time is better spent on fruitful assignments the student will be able to use near term. If you are to really read a classic, really savor it, you must first have the capacity to do so. Second you must have the desire to engage in the activity. Third, you need to have the time, or make the time to fully dig into it, as classics are not light reading. They take time to digest, and you need to chew on them for a while to get the most from them.

Best Practices Manual for New Supervisors Essay

Best Practices Manual for New Supervisors - Essay Example Supervisors may not be primarily responsible for all of the staffing activities, but they are usually involved in one or more of them. Thus, if supervisors are to be effective in the staffing function, they must understand each of these activities. How does one become a good supervisor Among the primary factors that distinguish supervisors from operative employees are the level and types of decisions that they must make. A supervisor must be concerned with how a decision might affect his or her employees and the organization. An operative employee, in contrast, is primarily concerned with how a decision affects him or her individually. People who don't like making decisions usually do not make good supervisors. The purpose of this chapter is to acquaint the supervisor with the activities and procedures of the staffing function. It also takes a look at the various training programs that best matches the selected workforce in an organization that is into production and another that is in retail business. Communication is an important factor in understanding and interpreting information between individuals and groups. A clear, precise and effective communication is what makes a person stand out in a crowd. It is best to talk to the point than describe in detail which could ultimately create a doubt in the mind of the listener. Effective communication determines how to influence negotiations more effectively and build confidence, staying in control when negotiating, and avoiding manipulation. Communication skills also include listening and empathy; Appreciative inquiry, a major breakthrough in organization development, training and development and in "problem solving," in general. Communication can also be non-verbal, that is, it could be also sign language. Good posture and clear language are hallmarks of good communication skills. It is imperative that any individual who believes in a good communication and shows real concern and respect for the other person's view listens with inte rest and care. During training, supervisors take it upon themselves to teach their trainees the art of proper communication. It must be understood that it is these same trainees who will be representing the organization while addressing customers. If an employee is found to be rude or uncooperative, customers will leave the company without doing any business, which is detrimental to the business. Thus, communication plays an important role in the development of business. 2.1 Technical Systems in Communication Another method of communication to enhance production is by the use of the electronic media. This could be termed as the "Productivity Paradox". To solve the productivity paradox (Brynjolfson [1993]) implied obtaining a better understanding of the relationship between the spread of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the organizational transformation of firms, markets and other

The Art and Science behind Ron Howards movies Essay

The Art and Science behind Ron Howards movies - Essay Example Although these two movies dive deeply into the struggles of human life: one inevitable (old age) and the other unfortunate (schizophrenia). This write-up explores Ron Howard’s work in both of these movies, focusing on the distinct style the director has used for respective storytelling. Director’s Cut Cocoon (1985) â€Å"Something extraordinary and unexpected can happen any time.† (Gray, 2003) Calling Cocoon just a science fiction movie would be wrong on my part and would not do justice to Howard’s vision of David Saperstein’s unpublished novel (Gray, 2003). The film explores multiple interwoven themes such as ageing, life’s sufferings associated with age, friendships, relationships, aliens etc. and genres such as comedy, science fiction and inspirational drama. There are several storylines that run throughout the movie; (i) that of three-retirement community senior citizens, Arthur (Don Ameche), Ben (Wilford Brimley), and Joe (Hume Cronyn) w ho yearn to bring back their youth and energy, which they used to rekindle their sexual desires and to engage in socializing and enjoying life once again (ii) another senior citizen Bernie (Jack Gilford) whose pessimistic attitude and stand on ethics costs him the life of his wife (iii) a group of aliens from planet Antarea led by Walter (Brian Dennehy) who return to earth in search of their fellow Antareans and who stumble upon emotions that could only be experienced by a human. The way Howard details the lives of all these individuals, particularly life in elderly homes (that can tend to be a dragging subject), is impressive. He shares the same stories from different perspectives, that of grandparents and grandsons, aliens and humans, young and old. The movie ends with senior citizens (except Bernie) joining the... This "The Art and Science behind Ron Howard’s movies" essay outlines the common features in Howrd’s movies and his filmmaking style. Calling Cocoon just a science fiction movie would be wrong on my part and would not do justice to Howard’s vision of David Saperstein’s unpublished novel (Gray, 2003). The film explores multiple interwoven themes such as ageing, life’s sufferings associated with age, friendships, relationships, aliens etc. and genres such as comedy, science fiction and inspirational drama. There are several storylines that run throughout the movie; (i) that of three-retirement community senior citizens, Arthur (Don Ameche), Ben (Wilford Brimley), and Joe (Hume Cronyn) who yearn to bring back their youth and energy, which they used to rekindle their sexual desires and to engage in socializing and enjoying life once again (ii) another senior citizen Bernie (Jack Gilford) whose pessimistic attitude and stand on ethics costs him the life o f his wife (iii) a group of aliens from planet Antarea led by Walter (Brian Dennehy) who return to earth in search of their fellow Antareans and who stumble upon emotions that could only be experienced by a human. He shares the same stories from different perspectives, that of grandparents and grandsons, aliens and humans, young and old. The movie ends with senior citizens joining the Antareans to opt for an eternal life on another planet and to undo the humiliation they have suffered from their age. It leaves with an ambiguous ending, questioning the rightness of their decision.

The merits and draw backs of utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

The merits and draw backs of utilitarianism Essay What is utilitarianism? The greatest good of the greatest number. Simple. Or is it? In any real situation, there are many people involved; they will all be affected in different ways; there is no reason why the greatest number should receive the greatest good. What is usually meant in practice by that slogan is something like the following procedure for choosing between two or more actions. 1. Look at the state of life after each action. Look in particular at the level of happiness of each person in the various situations. 2. Add up, somehow, those levels of happiness in each case. 3. Compare the results. The one, which leads to the maximum total happiness, is the (morally) right one. The thing to notice about this is that it actually involves a lot of quite separate principles. I think it is fair to say that they are all part of the idea of utilitarianism. Someone who accepts some of them but not others may reasonably be called a utilitarian, even if they would see the procedure above as a vague outline. * Actions, as such, have no moral value. What matters is their effect on the state of the world. * In fact, the only aspect of the state of the world that has any direct moral significance is the happiness or misery of people. * In particular, only individuals matter. The only relevance of the state of a family is the effect it has on the individuals. * All people are, ethically speaking, equal, in all situations. One persons happiness is precisely as important as anothers. * It is possible to measure happiness, in the required sense, on some sort of linear scale. * It is possible to add up different peoples degrees of happiness, producing a meaningful total happiness. There is at least one important issue, which I havent addressed so far: You have to consider the entire future of the universe in order to make your decision. I shall consider the practical difficulties of this later; there is also a theoretical issue: we are presumably required to add up the total amount of happiness in a persons entire lifetime. So we need some sort of calculus for happiness! Utilitarianism has the awkward property of seeming entirely obvious to its proponents, and clearly wrong to its opponents. There are no ethical first principles, which are agreed on by everyone. On the other hand, there is a striking level of agreement about what is actually right and wrong. Of course, there are disagreements. But there is something pretty close to an agreement that (in most cases) murder, lying, rape and theft are bad, and that (in most cases) generosity, healing, truthfulness and loyalty are good. One obvious thing that these points have in common is that most of the universally agreed good things make people happy, and most of the universally agreed bad things make people sad. Furthermore, the actions usually reckoned to be the worst are often the ones that cause the most suffering. Rape, for instance, which causes lasting psychological trauma as well as involving physical injury, is generally reckoned to be morally much worse than theft. So, utilitarianism seems to do a pretty good job of giving the right answers. It seems clear to me that, all else being equal, something that makes me happy is better than something which doesnt. After all, thats one way in which I make decisions (although I wouldnt in such cases call them moral decisions). Since it seems plausible that all people are ethically equal, this means that anything that makes anyone happy is better than something which does not. This seems to lead naturally to something very like utilitarianism. However, what Ive explained as utilitarianism has a terrible problem: it does not support ethical points in certain cases. For instance, suppose that I could, by putting my grandmother through tortures, relieve a large number of people from one minutes toothache. No matter how small the amount of suffering from which each person is lifted of, and no matter how great the amount I cause to my grandmother, if the number of people is large enough then the total amount of suffering in the world will be decreased in this manner. Therefore I ought to torture my grandmother. This seems to me, unacceptable. This I see as a major weakness in utilitarianism. Of course, there are ways round this problem. For instance, we could model happiness and misery with a number system, containing values higher and lower in the sense that no multiple of one was as big as the other. So, we can get around that particular problem. But, there are others, though I wouldnt claim any of them as an actual rejection of utilitarianism. I shall take the utilitarian principles I listed above, and describe some objections to them. * Actions, as such, have no moral value. What matters is their effect on the state of the world. Is this really convincing? It doesnt seem so to me. If I kill someone, isnt there something very bad about that, even if the killing turns out to be right in terms of maximising utility? I think most people would agree that a killing of this sort would be evil. In fact, the only aspect of life that has any direct moral significance is the happiness or misery of people. Suppose I tell a lie about you to a friend of mine, who has never had and never will have any sort of interaction with you, and swear him to secrecy, this makes no difference whatsoever to your future happiness. Does that make it OK? It seems clear to me that it doesnt. Isnt there, in fact, something basically good about truth and bad about falsehood? Suppose I get enormous satisfaction from causing you minor but genuine unpleasantness. Does that mean that its right for me to do so? * In particular, only individuals matter. The only relevance of the state of a family is the effect it has on the individuals. * All people are, ethically speaking, equal, in all situations. One persons happiness is precisely as important as anothers. What about criminals? If someone is in the process of raping your wife, do you really have to consider their well being as carefully as your wifes in deciding how to go about stopping them? * It is possible to measure happiness, in the required sense, on some sort of linear scale. * It is possible to add up different peoples degrees of happiness, producing a meaningful total happiness. Is it obvious that different sorts of happiness are not easy to measure? How do you compare, the contentment person A has from knowing that his money in the bank is earning him piles of interest for his retirement, the wonder person B feels on looking at the starry sky, the thrill person C has when listening to her favourite piece of music, person Ds enjoyment of an evening listening to a stand-up comic, and so on? And how do you weigh those up against person Ps toothache, person Qs unhappy marriage? I dont know thats for sure. Lets pretend that all those problems are resolved, and that I believe that utilitarianism is correct. I now have a decision to make; for instance, I have to decide whether to cycle home in the dark without lights or to be late home. This is a trivial example; it should be easy to work it out. Not easy at all. I have to work out the entire future of the whole universe, to work out exactly how happy each person is in each case and for how long, and add it all up. Good grief! In practice, what the utilitarian recommends is entirely different. I should make guesses as to the likely effects of the actions Im considering, estimate the ends levels of happiness, and do the best I can at adding them up in my head. Anything more is impossible, and in any case I cant be blamed for things I cant predict. Id now like to suggest that there are merits to utilitarianism, despite its drawbacks. The first point is one Ive made already: utilitarianism does a pretty good job of giving answers to ethical questions. Most of us are capable of guessing what will happen if and imagining others responses to situations. Also considering the greatest good of the greatest number can be an effective way of defeating prejudices and selfishness. This ethical harmony is, after all, quite close to such principles as Do to others as you would have them do to you and Love your neighbour as yourself. Lastly, I think any theory of ethics has to acknowledge that happiness and suffering are in themselves good and bad. This is why utilitarianism does as well as it does. But clearly happiness and suffering, pain and pleasure, arent the whole story.

The Subject of Choice in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay example -- Shakesp

The Subject of Choice in Shakespeare's Hamlet It is said that life is nothing more than an endless stream of choices. Every day before work or school, we must all make choices—what to eat, what to wear, whether or not to bother with that homework assignment—some of which are trivial, while others have the direst consequences. In Shakespeare’s classic play Hamlet, the inner thoughts that accompany each decision, as well as the quest for what is actually truth and what is lie, is brought to light in Act 2.2. Hamlet is caught in a great struggle over what to do with his uncle, his evil, murderous uncle. By all rights he should die...yet the easy choice—outright murder—is not always the correct or prudent one. Overall, through diction and poetic devices, Shakespeare manages to convey a feeling of bitterness, an angry yet doubtful tone that shows the turmoil of the inner mind of a complex character. This angry tone is brought about to a great extent by the choice of diction. Hamlet’s soliloquy is full of angry words; he refers to people of the wretched lower classes—whores, drabs, and kitchen maids—as he curses his own cowardice. Strings of adjectives describing all sorts of horrible sins are attached to the king as well as his own name. The king is a treacherous, kindless, â€Å"bloody, bawdy villain!† As Hamlet’s anger both at the king and himself radiates from the speech, so does his inner confusion. There are two choices open to him—revenge or cowardice as he sees it. Shakespeare uses words and ideas to remind the reader of this fact throughout. Hamlet refers to â€Å"heaven and hell,† showing that Hamlet knows that only one course of action is just, yet he is in doubt. In the passage, the devil is mentioned several times, both ... ...ke every human being, Hamlet is caught up in a choice—a grave and far more serious choice than what to eat for lunch—but a choice nonetheless. Through diction and form, Shakespeare manages to bring the tortured spirit, the angry yet doubtful mind, the horribly bitter soul of a man trapped in a choice that he shouldn’t have to make, to life. He shows how we wrestle with the best and worst in every choice and the uncertainty inherent in all important decisions. It is this theme that makes Hamlet real. It is this...humanity that drives in the point. Life is full of options, some bad, some good, most a mix of both. All we can do, like Hamlet, is do the best we can in each situation and wrestle with the doubt when it comes. Work Cited Shakespeare, William. The New Cambridge Shakespeare: Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Ed. Philip Edwards. Cambridge: Cambridge U P, 1985.

Philosophy Montessori

â€Å"A child’s different inner sensibilities enable him to choose from his complex environment what is suitable and necessary for his growth. They make the child sensitive to some things, but leave him indifferent to others. When a particular sensitiveness is aroused in a child, it is like a light shines on some objects but not others, making of them his whole world. † The Secret of Childhood, p. 42, Chap 7 . Define the terms of sensitive periods and explain how the teacher’s knowledge and understanding of these periods determines his/her preparation and custodianship of the prepared environment A child is a unique human being who possesses countless potentialities since his early age. He is endowed through abilities to develop both physical and psychic constructions by himself. The development and growth for physical or external area is visible. Yet, the inner mechanism is still imperfectly understood. There are two studies are contained in these inner mechanis m. The glands and secretion connected with physical growth, the other is an understanding of child’s mental growth which is called â€Å"sensitive period†. It is a period of child where he can manifest his certain ability in perfectly manner. During these periods, a child has maximum sensitivity towards a particular knowledge or skill. This sensitivity lasts in certain period of child’s life and does not reoccur in other child’s age. Once the child concentrates with one aspect of skill, he will exclude others. He does the repetition to practice his ability with passion, love and even his inner force, and it continues until he feels satisfied and serene. Since, this is the best moment when the child develops his inner mental growth, a teacher should notice the indication from his appearance then enhance his ability by aiding him a right kind of stimuli through prepared environment and encourage him in special time of learning. Therefore, it can optimize the child’s new ability. As one of internal aid for child’s psychic development, the sensitive periods can achieve a child’s personal construction with two conditions. Firstly, the child needs a prepared environment, both things and the people surroundings, which is suitable and necessary for his growth. Secondly, the child requires freedom. Let the child chooses his own rhythm and law of development to explore and fulfill his need, this will put him into happiness, joyful and peace. If the teacher, as an adult cannot create these two conditions, he will not reach his potential and his personal development will be stunted. And his opportunity to master in those abilities as a human will be lost evermore. The sensitive periods are categorized in six terms, the order with environment, the sensory impression, the ability to use language, the development of walking and movement, the interest of small objects, and the spirit to be involved with social life. †A very important and mysterious period is the one which makes a child extremely sensitive to order. This sensitiveness appears in a child’s first year and continues on through the second. It may seem slightly fantastic that children should have a sensitive period with respect to external order, since it is a common opinion that children are disorderly by their very nature. (The Secret of Childhood, p. 49, Chap 8) Sensibility to order of child, it is truly shown since the first month of age. However, as an adult, parent often doesn’t notice this sensitiveness manifestation. The judgment that a child doesn’t have the ability to respect and react of external order become a common opinion. Montessori had observe d for some situations which showed the enthusiasm of child to have blissful and tranquil moment, in seeing things in organized arrangement. The tantrums and uncomfortable feelings that occasionally experienced by the child, is perhaps that he finds the obstacles when he tries to fulfill his needs. A story in Maria book: †In one such instance the principal character was a little girl about six months old. One day she saw a woman enter the room where she happened to be and placed her parasol upon the table. The child became agitated, not at the woman but at the umbrella, since after looking it for some times she became to cry. The woman thinking that she wanted the parasol picked it up and brought it to her with a pleasant smile. But the infant pushed it away and continues to scream. Efforts were made to calm the child, but to no avail. She only became more agitated. What could be done to solve the tantrum? Suddenly the mother of the child through some psychological insight took the umbrella from the table and carried it into another room. The child immediately grew calm. The cause of her disturbance was the umbrella on the table. An object out of place had violently upset the little girl’s pattern of memory as to how objects should be arranged. † (The Secret of Childhood, p. 50, Chap 8) A child has a twofold sense of order. First is his perception of relationship to the environment. Second is his inner awareness of different parts of his body to have relationship with the objects. With those two senses, a child can experience the order based on precise and determined environment. So that, he can categorize his perception and build conceptual work, then he can deal with his world. The second sensitivity will appear is sensory impression through five senses. They are visual/seeing, auditory/hearing, olfactory/smell, tactile/touch, and gustatory/taste. By those senses, a child who has highly curiosity of every new thing will be able to explore and experience the environment. Smelling and gustatory sensibilities also can be learned from practical life activities, such as differentiate the herbs smell and sweet, salt, sour and bitter tastes. Afterward, in order to be able distinguish variation of sounds, a child is introduced with human voice, music also the source of the sound has been made. The visual sense is interpreted by the eyes. The functional of these eyes can be exercised with identifying the size, shape, color of materials. While the visual sensitivity is being developed, the tactile ability is also developing. Without touching the materials which are existed in his environment, a child will not stimuli his brain and practices his motor function. In order to develop his mind throughout these sensibilities, a child needs to hear, see, touch, smell and taste. He initially observes the object with the eyes, he understands the form, size, and color also by hands. Then, he perceives the name of the object when the adult teach him. By hearing the voice, he’s not only imitating the sound, this young human will use his knowledge and memory, and thus he can speak the object name with his tongue. All of this process definitely will develop his intelligence in nature way, molding his character, and directed his ego to organize his movement. The more trials moments that a child experienced with his senses, the more skills he can apply to accomplish his works in confident and orderly. Introducing to language for child is as good as possible in the early age. During this sensitive period, a child can absorb and imitate the sound of human that he hears. Although the baby doesn’t look like understand when an adult is talking with him, but his brain as absorbent mind is developing and radually achieves under his unconscious mind. In fact, he can distinguish some types of sounds, which are produced by animals, instrument or human. He only imitate to the human words, not to the other sounds. If he can notice as many as words in his sensitivity period, he will enrich his vocabularies which useful in the future. Between the age of year and two, a child has the sensitivity to be more active. He starts to walk, run, climb, even jump in every type of environment, he surely move with his own purpose, unlike the adult. An infant, on the other hand, walks to perfect his own proper function, and consequently his goal is something creative within himself. † (The Secret of Childhood, p. 78, Chap 11) While doing the walking practicing, he still doesn’t have any pattern, rhythm also reason for any movement he makes. He barely walks toward something that attracted him in one point of position. An adult can assist him to develop his ability, by keeping in mind to give up all adult’s pace and goal. But, follow the child’s need as long as he can finalize his one passage of walk. It is important to know that an infant is only able to develop his ability to walk, when he passes all the processes of walking from the beginning. The first step that he makes, tries to figure out how to balance when changing one foot to another to stand, stands and walks with two feet perfectly. Alongside he develops his physical strength, his psychic life also improved. The growth of muscles which connect between cells and tissues will not be optimal if a child is not involved in such physical activities. When his physical condition is in health condition, he also creates his spirit, courage and self-confidence. â€Å"From the beginning of its second year a child is no longer carried away by gaudy objects and brilliant colors with that transport of joy so characteristic of the sensitive periods, but becomes interested in tiny objects that escape our notice. † (The Secret of Childhood, p. 64, Chap 9) His concentration towards a specific thing in one object, somehow the adult have no attention or even invisible on it. Yet, a child who likes to be an observer is be able to focus on these small things. He can spend a lot of minutes to only watch and look a painting that contain many details in pictures, color, and shapes. Or perhaps to pay attention on the shapes of stones, the forms of flies or plants. His sensibility in this period can increase his focus and concentration to higher level. The last part from child’s sensitive period is his spirit to be engaged in social environment. He begins to recognize the rules of his environment, his rights and responsibilities. How he serves the surroundings with a proper manner as well as himself. He learns to have a friendship and starts to be united in a group. If all the conditions can occur in a harmony, a peace community among the children can be established. To stimuli this child’s sensitive periods thus can reveal his potentialities, Montessori has her method that can help a child’s live successful and happily in this world. We have to fully understand her philosophy and kept in mind that this method only can be perfectly done if it is considered in open minded, instead of fixed one. There are two components which support the child’s development with environment, including materials and exercises also the teacher who prepares the environment. This is because a prepared environment is the place to nourish the child. He needs it to enhance his self-construction, so he can reveal his own personality growth in such natural approach. On the other hand, the teacher should learn the theory, observes the child and try to recognize the obstacles that can hinder the child development, and remove them from his environment. The first component of this method is prepared environment. As a teacher, she must knowledge and understands what kind of environment that she can prepare to help the child’s life development. The criteria which are should be applied in Montessori classroom are concept of freedom, structure and order, reality and nature, beauty and atmosphere, Montessori materials and the development of community life. Through freedom a child can have the opportunity to reveal himself. To aid the child’s psychic development, a teacher can secretly observe the child while he is doing the works. Also, through freedom, a child can possess himself with his own pattern of development, by using his inner guidance to improve his growth. Besides freedom, the environment should have the structure and order. The aim of this structure and order is due to a child needs to build his own perception and intelligence, from predetermine and precise environment. From that condition, the confidentiality from child to deal towards his life will incarnate. Since a child love to something in order, in this creative moment, as teacher orderly has to take care the materials in the classroom. They should be arranged in sequence and classified as per difficulty level of materials. Then, if the child accomplish one activity, he knows that he has to return back the apparatus in the right place as same as he has taken before. â€Å"The child must have the opportunity to internalize the limits of nature and reality if he is to be freed from his fantasies and illusions, both physical and psychological. † (A Modern Approach, p. 57, Chap 3) The child must deal with nature and reality. We live in this world where the natural things exist. For example a tree, a child can practice his sensibility of five senses. From nature, a teacher can inform the child that the nature is the thing that serves us during our lifetime, so that as human beings we can still alive and survive. In this world, also he will face the reality condition. By understanding from his every action he made, he will have the consequences. In Montessori, the child will learn how to do the housework with the real utensils. A child will use a real knife to cut the vegetables or pouring the water from a real glass jug. A child also learns if there is a condition that doesn’t happen as he expects, he has to accept it gracefully, instead of being upset or angry. The child comes to see that he must respect the work of others, not because someone has said he must, but because this is a reality that he meets in his daily experience. † (The Absorbent Mind, p. 223, Chap 22) The fourth part of prepared environment is beauty and atmosphere. Montessori felt that the environment should be simple, bright color, cheerful and ha rmoniously arranged. It makes the environment feel so relaxing, warm and conducive for the children activities. The other important element is Montessori materials itself. They should have a purpose for the child’s development. The difficulty or error of each material that could be figured out by the child must be isolated in a single piece of material. The designs of materials must be gradually composed from simple to complex. Also they are able to use for future learning. The last thing of prepared environment is development of community life. It has three key elements that contains of sense of ownership and responsibility, responsibility the children begin to feel for each other and the inclusion of children of different ages in class. A person, who intends to be a Montessori teacher, must prepare herself. She has to think that a teacher is not the person, who has to teach or control all over the activities in class and to be followed by the students. But, she has to understand the children that they have their own manner to accomplish their works in the class. A teacher must refrain herself to interfere the child when he is in the processing his physic and psychic area through the materials, otherwise one of trait which being developed at that moment will be vanished or done improperly. As a teacher, must look in each child as one unique individual, that one to another might have different type of characteristics. So that, she has to devote her energy to help the child step by step, thus he can attain his aim in order to deal with his environment independently. She usually does by obtaining three aspects. Firstly, her responsibility to custodian and keep the environment to be the component that can attract the child’s attention, thus he can fulfill his needs in freedom and without any distraction from others. When the teacher can design a harmony situation where the child takes place during his working times, so the aim of this method will be achieved in proper way. It includes the previous explanation regarding the prepared environment. Secondly, once the environment has prepared properly the other thing that must be considered is the teacher’s action during the class. Before the child manifests his first period, she can show when she is taking care the child with hearten, lovely and warmth manner. Once the child feel comfortable, he will trust the teacher, and it is easy for the teacher, if she need to interfere the child when it is necessary. The last, when a child begins to attract by something, usually the teacher can introduce the practical life area as an initial exercised. Because, the child will meet those activities in his home every day, so that it will easier to be taught. When the child is interest to one material, the teacher explains to him, and he starts to work with it, the teacher must not interrupt him in any ways and anytime until he can finish it by his own laws. The steps will start from slow into exam, and the teacher must understand this pattern of development. These sensitive creative moments, will happen only once in child’s life time. Not only the child who has to observe and practice to be able reveal his hidden potentialities, but the teacher also has to observe and thinking every moment when the child manifests his interest of some new things or show some disorder behavior that might be caused by the environment or his inner problems. If this process goes in natural and proper way, the child can have concentration, build his confident and will feel satisfied when the can conquer one conquest. Then, a success human being with good personalities will be created, because he has the opportunities to explore and manifests his potentialities during his sensitive period.

Overview Of Learning Styles Education Essay

This is a three-page research paper discoursing learning manners. It explains what acquisition manners are and relates them to persons. It emphasizes the importance of understanding acquisition manners. It offers descriptions of assorted larning manners. It besides draws premises about the similarities and differences. A short analysis is besides included. It relies on four beginnings presented in APA format. It is an undeniable fact that every individual is different in some manner. As a consequence, everyone learns in a somewhat different mode. Learning manners describe the ways in which people intake information most efficaciously. Academia has recognized several classs of larning manners with which most people can associate. Some people chiefly learn by utilizing one manner of cognition consumption and others use more than one ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners, † 2007 ) . There is non a specific manner or combination of manners that is more good overall, each individual benefits from the manners otherwise. Besides, people can develop their abilities in manners to which they may non be â€Å" of course † inclined. The apprehension of these larning manners allows one to larn more expeditiously and enables those who teach to develop ways to aim specific manners. History of Learning Styles At one clip schools focused on schoolroom direction and taught from books. Such traditional methods encouraged repeat, support, and reappraisal. Today, nevertheless, instruction is using a overplus of new acquisition and learning methods. ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners, † 2007 ) Teachers are get downing to recognize that working with learning manners is good for both pupils and instructors ( Revell, 2005 ) . Teachers can increase the effectivity and efficiency of direction, thereby contradicting the necessity of repeat. This allows pupils to larn more information at a faster rate. Such apprehension was obtained in the seventiess, when theories of larning manners were being developed ( Robotham, 2000 ) . The acknowledgment of a demand for different methods of learning began a new moving ridge of instruction that focused on the pupil alternatively of the content affair. Manners of Learning Learning manners take many different signifiers and concentrate on every facet of information consumption. They consider how one receives information best, in what sort of an environment one most efficaciously learns, and assorted other facets. Learning manners affect non merely the manner one takes in information, but besides what they do with that information, including how one interprets information once it is internalized. Each manner is developed in and utilizes different parts of the encephalon. By doing usage of more than one acquisition manner and affecting every bit much of the encephalon as possible in acquisition, one can break retrieve what they wish to larn ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners, † 2007 ) . There are several different acquisition manners that are widely recognized in the instruction field. Some manners have more than one name, but they all focus on basic methods of information consumption. Ocular and Aural Learning Styles Ocular, or spacial, scholars use images, images, maps, etc. to acknowledge information ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners, † 2007 ) . Ocular scholars organize information harmonizing to colour, form, and other physical features. Such scholars remember things best when they see a drawing or diagram of information. Ocular scholars retrieve faces, but are non good with names ( â€Å" Learning manners, † n.d. ) . They typically display creativeness and work good with touchable art mediums ( â€Å" Learning manners, † ) . Motion can easy deflect a ocular scholar, whereas they may be unaware of noise that surrounds them ( â€Å" Learning manners † ) . Aural, or auditory, scholars prefer to utilize sound and music to forms and colourss ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners, † 2007 ) . They arrange information to beats and melodies in order to retrieve it. Aural scholars can listen to waies and retrieve them. They remember people ‘s voices before they remember what they looked like physically or what they were have oning the last clip they saw the. Aural scholars are peculiarly sensitive to helter-skelter noises, but non to motion environing them. One of the easiest ways for aural scholars to work out jobs is by speaking them out ( â€Å" Learning manners, † n.d. ) Kinesthetic and Linguistic Learning Styles Peoples besides take in information otherwise. Kinesthetic scholars can outdo understand information by utilizing their sense of touch ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners, † 2007 ) . Physically moving or transporting out exercisings is the best manner for kinaesthetic scholars to take in information. Linguistic scholars, on the other manus, understand words best. They are better attuned to speech and composing than really â€Å" making † things ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners † ) . Some people learn best when they use a combination of kinaesthetic and lingual acquisition methods. As a consequence, many pedagogues assign work that involves both reading and exercisings. Social and Solitary Learners Social and lone scholars differ in how the prefer to larn. Although this facet may be considered a penchant, instead than an operation of the encephalon, it has been observed in really immature kids that may non hold had a opportunity to do a witting penchant ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners, 2007 † ) . Social scholars prefer to larn in schoolroom scenes around many people. They like team athleticss and bask being around others ( â€Å" Overview of larning manners † ) . Lone scholars, on the other manus, like to work entirely and bask peaceable larning chances. Both can be catered to in today ‘s acquisition environments. Every individual has a different manner of taking in and retaining information. In the past few decennaries pedagogues have put more accent on the single demands of pupils. Teachers typically supply chances for pupils will all types of acquisition manners. This allows each pupil to larn in the most effectual mode possible, enabling the teacher to concentrate on larger issues. Understanding and utilizing information derived from single acquisition manners can enable a more effectual and efficient educational system.

Use of allegory of Civilization versus barbarism and violence

Use of allegory of Civilization versus barbarism and violence The film â€Å"Dona Barbara† employs allegory to portray two worlds. The novel is set in the 1940s Venezuelan transitional period. During this time, the country was experiencing a new culture and way of life brought about by the discovery of oil.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Use of allegory of Civilization versus ‘barbarism’ and violence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, an oil economy was starting to emerge, bringing with it an urban culture. The emergence of urbanism set the pace for a conflict between modern civilization and barbarism. This conflict is neatly depicted through allegory. Therefore, the film can be seen as both a national as well as a literary allegory. In â€Å"Dona Barbara†, the conflict is signified through a number of allegorical symbols, such as urban culture versus the rural, progressiveness against retrogressiveness, the law against the outlaw, masculinity versus femininity, rational thought against the irrational thought (passion and Freudian sexual desires), et cetera. There are many critics of the film, each of whom has a varied version of the use of allegory. However, all the critics are in agreement that the use of allegory helps to clearly depict two oppositions not only in the film but also of the 1940s Venezuela. Thus, the film is seen as a way of confronting the old and the new cultures and the significant conflict that arises from this fusion. Allegory is not only used for literary sense but also for explicitly portraying the social cultural history of Venezuela. The allegorical nature of the film is embedded in the film itself as seen in a number of symbols. Allegory is used to illustrate a transition between civilization and barbarism. The character, Dona Barbara, is seen as a synthesis not just of the two worlds, but also in transit between barbarism and civilization. She is an allegory of barbarism and a symbol of the u ncultured woman of loose morals. This is evident in her tendency to use the power of seduction to overpower men, a characteristic that has earned her the title, ‘the devourer of men’1. Still, Dona Barbara is seen as a representation of civility and decorum when she genuinely falls in love with Santos Luzardo2. She is seen as a child of the two worlds and a victim of the Venezuelan social cultural conflict. This transformation from bad to good is overshadowed by the general character of Dona Barbara, otherwise christened Barbarita (a homophone to barbarism). The initial representation of Barbara as a simple girl is soon overshadowed by her transition to a gang leader who uses violence to achieve what she wants. This transition is translated in the Freudian perceptive that childhood sexual experiences determine adult behavior. Dona is a victim of child rape and violence and this transformation is thus seen as a way of reliving her childhood. Dona is thus the allegory of t he Venezuelan woman who is a victim of the synthesis between civilization and barbarism.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The film is a good example on the use of literature to reflect on matters of social cultural and historical importance to a nation. Allegory is used to show a clear distinction between the Venezuelan historical conflict between law and lawlessness, and John King. Magical reels: a history of cinema in Latin America. (London: Verso, 2000). 49 Juan Pablo Dabove. Nightmares of the lettered city: banditry and literature in Latin America. (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2007). 271-280 the subsequent consequences. This country has always been torn between the old agrarian order (the rule of the law) and lawlessness (characterized by violence). This is portrayed in the Ilanera agrarian rural culture in which there is confusion between law a nd lawlessness. The director of the film achieves this by intertwining cattle ranching (the allegory of agrarian law – civilization) and cattle rustling (the allegory lawlessness – barbarism) 2. Santos Luzardo, a civil gentleman, is also a symbol of the confusion between lawlessness and the rule of the law. The judges (symbolic of lawfulness) rule against him, thereby denying him the ownership of his property3. Santos Luzardo’s acceptance of this rule is an indication that he does not necessarily see himself as a victim of the injustices as he is well aware of his violent past, a means through which he acquired his wealth. As such, literature is used to not only synthesis civilization and barbarism, but also to clearly depict Venezuelan social cultural historical struggles with lawlessness. The film is a clear depiction of how literature can be used to illuminate not only the relevance of literary characters but also of reality. Allegory is a stylistic device em ployed by the director of this film to highlight the social cultural conflict in 1940s Venezuela, brought about by the emergence of urban civilization. It thus helps to portray the synthesis of the civility of modernity and the barbarism of the Juan Pablo Dabove. Nightmares of the lettered city: banditry and literature in Latin America. (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2007). 271-280 â€Å"Dona Barbara† directed by Fernando de Fuentes. (RTI Colombia) pre-1940s Venezuela. This synthesis is seen effectively through some characters like Barbarita, law, and gender, among others. Bibliography Dabove, Juan. Nightmares of the Lettered City: Banditry and Literature in Latin America. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2007. 271-280 â€Å"Dona Barbara† directed by Fernando de Fuentes. RTI: Colombia.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Use of allegory of Civilization versus ‘barbarism’ and violence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More King, John. Magical Reels: A History of Cinema in Latin America. London: Verso, 2000. 49

Minmi - Facts and Figures

Minmi - Facts and Figures Name: Minmi (after Minmi Crossing in Australia); pronounced MIN-mee Habitat: Woodlands of Australia Historical Period: Middle Cretaceous (100 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 10 feet long and 500-1,000 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Unusually small brain; primitive armor on back and belly About Minmi Minmi was an unusually small, and unusually primitive, ankylosaur (armored dinosaur) from middle Cretaceous Australia. This plant-eaters armor was rudimentary compared to that of later, more famous genera like Ankylosaurus and Euoplocephalus, consisting of horizontal bony plates running along the sides of its backbone, a noticeable thickening on its belly, and spiky protrusions at the end of its long tail. Minmi also had an unusually small, narrow head, which has led some paleontologists to speculate that its encephalization quotient (the comparative size of its brain to the rest of its body) was lower than that of other dinosaurs of its timeand considering how stupid the average ankylosaur was, thats not much of a compliment. (Needless to say, the dinosaur Minmi shouldnt be confused with the Japanese-born, Caribbean-style singer Minmi, or even Mini-Me from the Austin Powers movies, who are both presumably much more intelligent!) Until recently, Minmi was the only known ankylosaur from Australia. That all changed at the end of 2015, when a team from the University of Queensland re-examined a supposed second Minmi fossil specimen (discovered in 1989) and determined that it actually belonged to an entirely new ankylosaur genus, which they dubbed Kunbarrasaurus, Aboriginal and Greek for shield lizard. Kunbarrasaurus appears to be one of the earliest known ankylosaurs, dating to the same middle Cretaceous time frame as Minmi, and given its relatively light coating of armor, it seems to have only recently evolved from the last common ancestor of both stegosaurs and ankylosaurs. Its closest relative was the western European Scelidosaurus, a clue to the different arrangement of the earths continents during the early Mesozoic Era.

Television is the most important source of news for young people Essay

Television is the most important source of news for young people today.to what extent do you agree - Essay Example By the year 2011, Dahlgren (2013) reports that internet was the number one source of news among young people in the world. For many years, television held this position. However, technological growth and development has shifted young people towards computers, mobile phones, and other digital platforms. The importance of television as the source of news, therefore, exhibits a declining trend. Young people have increasingly become socially interactive. On internet platforms, these young generations can engage with persons from around the world. The possibility and ease of interacting with global communities makes internet a better choice for the young people. Most importantly, internet news does not require access to televisions. Many different devices that support internet make it easier to access news and information without necessarily being at home. This provision makes internet news way easier, effective, and convenience to people moving from one place to another. Differences between television and internet functionalities are critical to account for as far as news is concerned. For many years, changes and developments in the television industry have not been as rapid as the emergence and growth of internet use. A significant magnitude of television broadcasting practices remains traditional, while internet and computer-based practices keep changing from tine to time. These changes consequently create alternatives that young people are swift to exploit. High television consumption among young people is still common across the globe. Critical to note, however, is that television use among young people encompasses more than just watching news. Creativity and innovation among the young people has diversified television use to encompass business and entertainment. The downside of this move is that television viewing is increasingly becoming a practice that takes place after a busy day’s work. Amid such observations, young people still

Business Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Business Proposal - Essay Example The aim is to provide coffee services. Coffitoff will start its online business from England mainly London and then at later stage expand its market to other parts of the UK. London is the business hub of the UK and it is there where the product will be tested. The business will be started as a sole proprietor and if need arises it will go public to attain funds. The coffee beans are exported from other countries. This increases the cost of the coffee in the UK as compared to the American or Asian countries (Casenotes, 2004). Coffee is not easily affordable in the UK. The global recession that took place in 2008 has made consumers very careful of how they spend their money. Coffee is regarded by many as a product of surplus need rather than an immediate one. People in the UK can go without drinking it (Ireland, 2009). Consumers look to save every penny in these harsh economic times. As newer coffee machines are coming into the market it is becoming easier for people to purchase and keep these machines in their home. It is cheaper to make coffee at home rather than ordering online (Hashemi, 2002). The target market for Coffitoff comprises of business professionals who find it hard to stop by a coffee shop for a cup of coffee. Recent research shows that 60% of all business executives would like to have a cup of coffee at least once a day in London (Richardson, 2014). Out of the 60% only about 18% of the professionals make it to the coffee shops. This means that 42% of the people are deprived of this need as they do not have time for coffee. Coffitoff will look to cater this segment of people (Richardson, 2014). 1. Rivalry: Online business is still very new and is growing. At the moment, there are over a dozen online coffee shops in the UK. Brand identification is very important to maintain the rivalry and market position between coffee shops (Pride, 2008). 2. Threat of substitutes: The threat of

Corporate governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Corporate governance - Essay Example ts relation to growth and development of companies and also the scandals that arise where good governance is eliminated and the ways in which these scandals can be eliminated in businesses through proper regulation and legal control. Corporate governance in UK dates back to the growing anxiety in 2002 where corporate scandals had started being experienced in the US. UK set up the Smith committee and the Higgs committee to investigate these failures and the reports were evident of the latent manegiarialism in companies. This raised concerns on integrity of the managerial system of companies. It was argued that high-quality corporate governance was supposed to reduce costs and improve good working conditions of the workers. It was caught up in a scandal in 2008 in which there was an asset scandal which led to loss of value of the bank’s shares. It had a win- win situation where traders who won were rewarded hand those who lost their money to the bank. This was a short term performance that led to the loss of the value. They could have used a much longer term performance. It has been up with a number of controversies e.g. that of environmental pollution particularly in African countries. In 1990 protesters were against the company’s environmental record because of the possible pollution that was caused by the proposed disposal of Brent spar. This was a platform in the North Sea. Shell reversed the decision despite the massive support it received from the United Kingdom government. It maintained that the sinking of the platform would also have done better for the environment than the revised decision. Shell had also another scandal in 2004 of overstatement of oil reserves. This resulted to the loss of confidence of investors and stakeholders for the group. The financial services authority fined them 17million Euros. This also saw the departure of Phillip Warts. In Africa, it has led to environmental issues some of which are very extreme. Many pipes are much

Prevention Suicide People Mental Health Health And Social Care Essay

Prevention Suicide People Mental Health Health And Social Care Essay Suicide is defined as the process involving one ending his/her own life. There are various types of suicide which can make it rather difficult to help define the term. Traditional suicide is referred to those individuals who plan or act upon self-destructive thoughts and feelings whilst under immense stress. Assisted suicide is another term where a physician may help a terminally ill person to die, avoiding an imminent, inevitable and potentially painful decline. The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines mental health as a state of well-being in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her own community (Organization, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs220/en/, 2010). The rate of suicide in the UK is continuing to fall where figures reached their lowest in 2007 for both men and women. Suicide rates in 2008 were slightly higher than those seen in 2007 where 5,706 suicides were recorded however in 2009 there was a slight decrease were 5,675 suicides were recorded in the UK (Statistics O. f., Suicide rates in the United Kingdom, 2011). Although suicide rates are seen as rather low when compared to the early years such as the period between 1990- 2000, there is still a major concern in the number of suicides committed each year. The prevalence of suicide in the UK is still rather high and remains a major concern due to the number of people going to hospital after having attempted suicide. The rate of men committing suicide is estimated to be about three quarters of the men in the UK, where men aged 25-34 are at highest risk of suicide, followed by men aged 35-44. Suicide is considered as the second most frequent cause of death within men aged between 15-44, after accidental death (NHS Choices , 2009). Suicide and young people is also common within people aged 15-24, where accidental death is generally the cause of death followed by suicide. Figures state about 7-14% of young people will self-harm at one point in their life (NHS Choices , 2009). Suicide is major problem when it comes to the elderly because figures in 2006 showed that 217 people aged 80 or over took their own lives which equated to 5.2% of overall deaths from suicides (NHS Choices , 2009). Comparing the suicide rates in 2008 between men and women, there were 17.7 suicides per 100,000 population in men and 5.4 per 100,000 in women, thus showing men were three times more likely to commit suicide than women (Statistics O. f., Suicide rates in the United Kingdom, 2010). Statistics are currently as they stand where women are less likely to commit suicide than men, as women are more likely to report symptoms of common mental health problems instead of men therefore they receive appropriate treatment be it drugs and/or therapy (Statistics N. , 2003). Possible risk factors for suicide: A previous attempt at suicide Possible exposure to suicidal behaviour of others (friends, family or media figures) Family history of suicide Family history of substance abuse Substance abuse Incarceration Violence within the household (physical or sexual) Family history of mental disorder Depression or other mental disorders When dealing with suicide many individuals who have lost a loved one sometimes wonder if they could have possibly prevented it or some individuals may even blame themselves for the main cause of suicide in others. Therefore this self blaming may lead to behavioural changes which could represent itself as a decrease in the persons ability to express emotions. Those who experience grieving go through a series of emotions which could render them rather emotionally unstable, those who do experience these emotions sometimes become fixated upon the fact that they may be involved in the death in some manner thus feeling suicide may be the only option to make up for what they believe is all their fault. Observing suicide rates and the possible risk factors behind suicide, research has shown that majority of people who do commit suicide or attempt to commit suicide actually do have a mental illness where the common cause is depression. Following depression, 10-15% of people affected by bipolar disorder will commit suicide followed by 4% of people with schizophrenia committing suicide soon after their illness begins (NHS Choices , 2009). The most common types of mental health problems currently in the UK are: (Organization, mhGAP Intervention Guide, 2010) Anxiety Mood disorders Eating disorders Psychotic disorders Impulse control and addiction disorders Mental illness has shown to play a crucial role and is possibly the main precipitating factor in preventing suicides. Research studies (stated earlier) have shown to form a relationship between suicide rates and mental disorders which leads to suggest that if the appropriate help and support is provided to those with mental illnesses then possible there could be a decline or prevention in the number of suicides seen each year. Depression is the leading cause of suicide in people with mental health problems thus people in this mind of frame are usually of low mood and may occasionally have thoughts of suicide. Therefore if we treat the mental disorder then it can stand to reason that thoughts of suicide may also disappear. Preventing suicide isnt simple and people who do experience episodes of depression or reoccurring thoughts of suicide should be dealt with efficiently and as soon as possible to prevent harm to them but also to others. It is important to emphasise that people are reminded that help is always available wherever and whenever they need it and many health care professional such as GPs or Pharmacists are there at their disposal. Although GPs and Pharmacists are qualified health care professionals they still may not be fully competent in providing advice in situations involving people with mental health disorders. Practitioners that are unsure whether an individual actually is mentally ill and may also be suicidal can still play a part by providing help and support and referring them to more qualified personal for diagnosis. Suicide prevention can be carried out through many procedures such as using drugs (antidepressants) or talking therapies (counselling or cognitive behavioural therapy). Those who are described as having a mental disorder, have the hidden burden of stigma and discrimination often faced by those with mental disorders. The term mental illness can be rather misleading as although these problems can arise from biological or medical contributions they can also result from a series of complex interactions of biological, psychological or social factors. Also many illnesses experienced by individuals may differ slightly from normal categories used to describe mental illnesses therefore sometimes a true diagnosis cannot be determined or may be misleading. Furthermore, when diagnosing people as having a mental health problem there is no universal agreed cut off point between normal behaviour and that which is associated with mental illness. Therefore if it is hard to diagnose people with a mental illness then it does also make it rather difficult to prevent suicides from occurring aswell (foundation, 2010). Mental illness can lead to improper thoughts such as suicide as many individuals may feel its not worth living if they have to go through feelings which make their quality of life rather unsatisfactory. Measures which can be taken to help fight such thoughts and help cope with feelings of sadness, loneliness or just general low self of esteem can involve: Focusing on certain things which help shift your mind from negative thoughts such as socialising with people who you generally have fun with, spoiling yourself with new cloths/food, or doing deep breathing exercises. Stimulating the mind and body through performing light exercises, going for a walk outside of the house to get some fresh air and to get a change of atmosphere, planning the day to ensure productivity and try to maintain your usual sleeping pattern. Avoid depressants such as alcohol or illegal drugs which may feel beneficial at first but long term effects can cause depression and sometimes anxiety, furthermore you may make decisions that you normally would regard as dangerous/pointless. Socialising to stay connected to the world can help prevent feelings of entrapment, also talking to people about any feelings you may be experiencing can help and spending time with friends to fight against loneliness. Focusing on positive things in your life rather than regretting what could or should have been. Go to support/self-help groups and share similar experiences with people in the same situation as yourself and see how they manage their day. Comparing the likelihood of who is more likely to develop mental health problems, it was reported that women receive more treatment for mental health problems than men, however studies determined this was mainly due to women being more likely to report their symptoms rather than suffer in silence which many men tend do. Depression is also thought to play a vital role in the development of suicide, where 1 in 4 women will require treatment for depression, whereas only 1 in 10 men will require treatment. Diagnosing depression in men and women is somewhat a difficult process and can sometimes be under diagnosed because they may present to their GP with different symptoms or possibly due to social or biological factors, thus possibly showing men more likely to become diagnosed with depression. A common mental health problem that also occurs more in women than men is anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder and increased chances of developing phobias. On the other hand, men are more likely to develop an alcohol or drug addiction compared to women. It is also thought that mental health problems may be greater in minority ethnic groups than in the white population; however they are less likely to be diagnosed by the GP. Although it is not clear to what extent mental health care and primary care providers can prevent suicide in those individuals who die due to their mental health problem(s) it is believed they can play a significant role in the prevention. Also for those who do make contact with mental health care providers, majority of these people are adults thus suggesting the youth segment may need to be targeted more to ensure everything was done to prevent their death. When we look at prevention techniques to minimise or even deplete the frequency of suicides committed by those individuals who are not thinking clearly or those with mental health problems, we firstly think what can be done to reduce the chances of this person committing suicide, and then hopefully aiming to remove all thoughts about suicide and what he or she hopes to achieve by carrying out this act. Mental health professionals as stated early can play a crucial role in preventing suicide through the means of providing support and help whenever the person may require it, be it day or night. The term health professional is rather a vague term which can be used to describe a broad range of qualified group of individuals each trained in their specific field to offer their unique services to ensure the can do their role in the prevention of suicide. Many people with mental health problems who think suicide is the only way they will be free from what they may be going through, can be treated not only through the means of supplying various drugs to manage their condition but also by using techniques which provide support to those who may need it the most. There are many mental health professionals which can provide their services to help those which are not in the correct state of mind by making sure to identify the most suitable plan of action which will be of benefit to the patient, which could entail recommending patients to other mental health professionals (such as a GP recommending a patient to see psychotherapist) to ensure their needs are fully met and overall to ensure the most beneficial therapy or treatment has been considered. Mental health professionals: (care, 2010) General Practitioners Psychiatrists Clinical psychologists Nurses in psychiatric hospitals Community psychiatric nurses Keyworkers Occupational therapists (OTs) Social workers Support workers Community support workers Psychotherapists Counsellors Befrienders Carrying out a history of past suicide attempts is one of the most accurate predictors of possible future risk attempts.  It has been estimated that about 10-15% of people who make contact with a healthcare service due to a first suicide attempt eventually die by suicide, the risk being greatest during the first year after an attempt. The White Paper  The Health of the Nation (1992) outlined the health strategy for England, and recognised mental health as one of the five main areas in which targets were set for ensuring improvements in peoples health. The aims/targets focused on decreasing the total rate of suicide by at about 15% by 2000 and declining suicides of people with severe mental disorders by at least 33%. Those people, who have previously attempted to commit suicide, are mainly at risk as they are more likely to repeat their actions until they are successful. Furthermore a good indicator could be those who have a history of suicide attempts within the family. Suicidal thoughts do play any important part in depression and those individuals who have symptoms of depression are therefore more likely to be at risk, in particular if they express a sense of despair about the future or see no point in life. Research studies have shown good indication that both people with mental illnesses and some people with medical disorders, for example heart disease and cancer, are associated with an increased risk of suicide. Functional mental disorders such as depression and bipolar disorders are associated with the highest risk overall; substance misuse and organic disorders are associated with a lesser degree of risk. On average, people with reoccurring depression have a 15-20% increased risk of suicide; people living with schizophrenia have a 10-15% increased risk. These figures may be rough estimates but, as many who die by suicide may have been experiencing undiagnosed depressive illness. The most common mental illnesses which cause suicide are depression and schizophrenia where in depression the mental health foundation estimates that about 70% of suicides are due to those in a depressive state (Foundation, 1997). Depression is known to result in suicidal thoughts and indeed suicidal ideation is an important element in the diagnosis of depression. There is link made where the risk of committing suicide does increase with deeper the depression. However suicidal rates do increase when a individual comes out of a depressive state and energy levels and motivation become greater. Schizophrenia was the also one of the most leading causes of death a study which was shown by the World Health Organization (WHO). Depression is generally the main factor leading to suicide in schizophrenia; however it is the hopelessness about ones future that actually leads to suicide. Therefore certain strategies to help prevent suicides in people with mental health problems can involve: (Health D. o., 2002) Using a Care Programme Approach for those who have severe mental illnesses and a history of self-harm Have local arrangements for information sharing between criminal justice agencies Carry out follow-up sessions within a week of discharge for people with severe mental illnesses or a known history of self-harm Use of atypical antipsychotic medication to be made available for all patients with severe mental illness who are non-compliant with typical drugs due to side effects Promotion of access to services for people in crisis and their families Adequate staff training in the management of risk, every three years Prompt access to services for people in crisis and their families Strategies for dual diagnosis entailing management of substance misuse services Specialised care plans specifying actions to take if a patient is non-compliant or fails to attend Assertive outreach teams to prevent loss of contact with vulnerable and high-risk patients The prevention of suicide in patients with mental health problems is not an easy task, as we have seen there is no single route to achieving these targets for reducing deaths by suicide, since the factors associated with suicide are many and varied.