The Philosophical Thesis Of Incompatibilism - 966 Words

The philosophical thesis of incompatibilism, at moments, seems very puzzling because it has two opposite ideas in it; hard determinism and libertarian free will. How can hard determinists and libertarians be comparable in a thesis called incompatibilism, when the two of them have two very opposite concepts? One denies free will, and the other one endorse it. It is comprehensible when both determinism and indeterminism are being compared, but not when we do it with compatibilism and incompatibilism; These last two concepts do not appear to be coherent with the concept of freedom. Hard determinists are those who says everything is determined, and it follows from that that we are not free, that we do not have morally significance freedom (Chaffee). For example: If a person chooses salt over sugar, that choice was not his or her choice because it was pre-determined, and was caused by something. The problem of free will comes down to the notion of moral responsibility. On the contrary, someone that thinks that free will is incompatible with determinism, that we do have free will and that therefore determinism is false, is called a Libertarian. Nothing forces a libertarian to do what he/she wants to do freely. For example, imagine a person is at the supermarket and has in front of him the potato section and the sweet potato section. He chooses to grab a potato instead of a sweet potato. At that very moment, when he is grabbing the potato, he has chosen to grab the potato.Show MoreRelated The Free Will Debate Essay2989 Words   |  12 PagesThe unique ability that each and every individual possesses that enable him/her to control their actions is known as free will. Free will is directly connected to two other vital philosophical issues: freedom of action and moral accountability, which is the main reason why the debate is so vital. Simply stated, a person who has free will refers to an individual’s ability to choose his or her route of action. However, animals also appear to suit this measure, further adding to the debate because freeRead MoreThe Nature Of Free Will Essay2312 Words   |  10 Pagesor social or psychological phenomena are causally determined by preceding events or natural laws.† Whether or not determinism is true is an empirical matter that can only be solved by scientific inquiry into how the world works and not through philosophical arguments. However, the implications of the truth of determinism would’ve have a significant effect on free will. There are two ways in which the world could turn out not t o be deterministic. One would be if there are things in the universe thatRead MoreHuman Freedom And The Self1822 Words   |  8 PagesOne of the big dilemmas in the philosophical community surrounds whether humans have free will in determining their choices or whether forces outside human control determine actions. A solution to the problem has long been sought since it involves one of the core beliefs about human nature. Furthermore, whether or not humans have free will has influence on whether humans can be subject to praise or blame. Within this problem, there are three main schools of thought: compatibilism, hard determinism

Welfare Policy And The American Government - 1162 Words

Welfare Policy Lana Eliot Sociology 320 Professor Mentor March 26, 2016 When a person first hears the word welfare, they think of free money, food and lazy people. This is such a stereotyped opinion of all that the welfare system is and what it does for millions of individuals and families in the United States. To socially define welfare one could view it as a: social effort designed to promote the basic physical and material well-being of people in need† (dictionary.com). Because there are so many different views on welfare the American government has attempted to create a welfare policy for all Americans to follow and acknowledge. But who or what defined happiness? Who makes the decision on what Americans are considered to be in need? Federal, state, and local governments have implemented guidelines to answer these very questions, but like many policies in America there is ridicule and controversy. Welfare has become an issue here in America. There are many unanswered questions from who is eligible, to how long a person or family can receive be nefits. The welfare system that we have today is far from perfect and many people feel there need to be a lot of changes made to it so it is implemented to better serve a bigger variety of Americans. This is not a very easy process as there are many steps the government must take before this will occur. I think that it is the responsibility of policy actors to make changes in our current welfare system we have inShow MoreRelatedMandatory Drug Testing Should Be Banned1365 Words   |  6 Pageswhether or not welfare recipients in particular should be subjected to mandatory drug testing. According to Besonen, programs such as welfare were created in the 1930s to temporarily aid struggling Americans to help get them back up on their feet. (Besonen, 2014). Government assistance at that time also offered incredible medical benefits and this is also around time is when the â€Å"war on drugs† was declared. At the height of todays society, it is no longer temporary nor shot term. S ome Americans have resortedRead MoreThe Effect Of Media On Classism1484 Words   |  6 Pageswas built on the concept of the American dream. The idea that anyone can achieve success if they just work hard enough and are determined enough is very lucrative. Unfortunately the American dream is not as obtainable as many think. 65% of children raised in the bottom fifth income bracket will remain in the bottom two brackets (Adams, et al., 2013, p. 143). This means that even with hard work and determination the majority of Americans will not achieve the American dream. When a person has basedRead MoreArgumentation on TANF a form of Medicaid Essay965 Words   |  4 Pageswith this policy implemented by Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program. The government fails to realize they are misleading the household and the mind set of the family members living in the household. This realization leads me to ask the question, does welfare have a color? Has the welfare line become the mode rn day Mason Dixon line? I believe that welfare was promoted as a way to help families in crisis, but the true purpose was to destroy African American families. The welfare system appearsRead More Politics and Poverty Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesPolitics and Poverty Today there is a split in American politics on how to combat poverty. Throughout history, how America combats poverty has changed depending on what party is running the government. There has been a number of different parties however, Republican, Democrat, The Bull Moose Party, and other various ones. However, these views can be put into two main categories: The Liberal ideology and the Conservative ideology. There are three areas, which have broad and differing views on howRead MoreWelfare Reform : The United States1435 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States onto the historically unprecedented path of the welfare of the welfare state. In the wake of his footsteps, aggressive expansion has grown welfare programs to include everything from Medicare to food stamps. Many would say that the US government is not only obligated morally to provide welfare but also that it provides extensive societal economic windfalls. However, critics of welfare argue that the flaws of the US welfare system and its runaway nature outweigh the potential benefitsRead MoreI Am Writing About The Social Welfare System Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Welfare System. How a system that was created for the purpose of helping the needy, has now become a highway for people to abuse of it. This public policy program has come to be a very controversial subject on both sides of the political arena. Originally created d uring the Great Depression, where the majority of households, through no fault of their own were living in poverty. Although many changes to the system have been made, the original focus is the same. To prevent American citizensRead MoreRacially Oppressive Policies in the US1401 Words   |  6 Pagesby the U.S. government, which used policies, social arrangements, and institutional patterns (class notes 10-6-10) to further embed race into American society. The government helped to increase white’s superiority. When the government could not do it all publicly they brought in the private sector. The public and private sector then joined forces to maintain the superiority of whites. The government being part of the public sector has used its dominating power to create several policies that assistRead MoreWelfare Policy During The Great Depression1439 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Policy has helped an abundance of people in America. Sometimes, unforeseen events occur and assistance is needed. Because of these troubling circumstances, the need for institution and development of welfare programs came about. The American Welfare Policy has good intent; it has helped millions of people through its time. Although, there are many that believe our Welfare Policy is in great need of reform and the abuse of the system must come to an end. Welfare policy made its formal debutRead MoreThe American Dream1302 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream is the ideal of every citizen of The United States having equal opportunity to prosper through willpower and initiative. As quoted by Feldman and Steenbergen, â€Å"Americans believe that people should take responsibility for solving their own problems. At the same time, problems are sometimes too large for a single individual to solve, and when this is the case it is a moral right to ask for help and a moral duty to provide it† (660). This considered, take the situation of an employedRead MoreEssay On Marginalization1727 Words   |  7 Pages Policy Midterm America’s Current Social Welfare Sate Valentina Leto Stony Brook University Part I: Explain briefly 8 terms or concepts Marginalization Marginalization is the social process of isolating individuals, groups, and communities. Marginalization is the way in which society oppresses minority groups through social, political, economic, and geographic means. Discrimination and prejudices exist within our nation today creating a society where marginalization exists. Some

Impact of Advertisement on Sales of a Product

Question: Discuss about the Case Study for Impact of Advertisement on Sales of a Product. Answer: Introduction Advertisement can be defined as a means of non-personal presentation in promoting ideas or goods and services by a company to its customers. Advertisements are always paid for since a media has to be used in conveying the message. Advertisement can be divided into three different errors including the pre-marketing error, dating back to the mid eighteenth century where buyers and sellers only met in private places. During this period, means such as taverns were used to advertise a product. The mass communication error was then introduced in the mid 1700. This made advertising quite easy since a large population was able to get the information faster through broadcast media. The latest advertising method has been introduced in the research era; this method is able to reach the narrowly targeted group. Here, every group has its message thats basically intended for it. Advertising is a popular concept in marketing practice in the sphere of commerce. It connotes marketing communication ai med at promoting the sale of a product, majorly in a business context. Brand equity has become a major issue in most organizational environments; therefore a lot of research has been put in place to manage, increase and quantify branding (Keller and Lehmann, 2006). This study works on advertising features such as non- monetary promotions and what exactly is contained in the advert. Some of the frameworks used to identify the consumers taste about a brand include; loyalty of the brand and its associations, brand awareness and its perceived quality. However, some factors have to be considered while advertising a brand to a consumer; country of origin, age of the brand, likely risks of the brand and the market size among others. (Simon and Sullivan, 1993) The study investigates the association of two marketing elements i.e sales promotion and advertising. Specifically, my research focuses on advertising of new brands in a quantitative and qualitative manner. The study also aims at showing how advertising is important in influencing brand equity dimensions by improving the consumers awareness. The proposal will focus on the various aspects of research including the Problem Statement, Research Objectives, the project Justification/rationale, anticipated/expected research result or Output, Research Hypothesis, Conceptual Framework, Organization and Methodology of the Study. The project timeline, listing the budget estimates and the Gantt chart, will also be dealt with. Problem Statement Currently, the marketing era has become competitive, therefore many managers in different business organizations have to employ and adopt latest branding and advertising promotional tools in order to sell their products. Advertising therefore remains the major tool in information dissemination to the market whenever a new product is to be introduced. This makes the consumers aware of the new product hence they gain the interest to purchase and use the products. The relevant statement of the research is the impact of advertising and branding on the sales of a new product in a business organization. However, even with the above and many more advantages of advertising in impacting sales and organizational success, not much research have been conducted to unveil the holistic impacts of the undertaking. There is not sufficient research-oriented evidence that links advertising and branding to world economies directly or through proxies (Lake, 2016). Effectively, therefore, the research seeks to fill these gaps. It seeks to explore and evaluate the impacts of proper advertising and branding policy and practice on the pace of growth and expansion of an organization and its general marketing success in the long run. Research Objectives The main objective underlying all advertising is building primary demand and increasing awareness among consumers of a new product. Its also clear that companies spend a lot of money on advertisement with the aim of increasing profitability and reputation of the company. As is conventional, the answers to these research questions will help meeting the requirements of the objectives stated above. The will help bring out the aspects of advertising and branding under consideration. Other broad objectives are: To increase market share through advertising. To build brand performance and recognition through advertising. To develop overseas market. Justification of the project This study properly researched and supervised will enable groups such as supermarkets, policy makers, practitioners, experts and other scholars in conveying a lot of information in decision making and operations when advertising and branding a product. In addition, other officials responsible for marketing in various companies more so those involved in consumer production sector will be well conversant will the advantages and disadvantages of advertising. Despite all the above being put into consideration, consultancies involved in promotion and other researchers still need more information to successfully carry out their study. The commercial message with sound quality overwhelms the consumers when they see or hear it. Researching in this area to make such facts bare and accessible is fundamental in contributing to the best marketing practice and organization development. Moreover, the focus on the impacts of the advertising on the sales volume most addresses the positive aspects on ly. However, in this research, the focus is not only on its positive effects but also on the negative effects. The research will also delve on the entirety of the spectrum in the sense of its effect on the companys marketing practice and organizational success (Landau, 2015). Expected Research Output / Outcomes In markets, business activities are characterized by global competition and changes in technological developments or consumers preference and taste and other market forces that lead to decreased product life cycle within the market environment (McAlister, 2007). Due to such uncertainties, business persons must strategize to offer services that their competitors do not offer; this is achievable by having a positive reputation. These services should as well be long term, this links to the branding concept (Mizik, 2008). To gain sustainable competitive advantage, one can promote branding and branding equity in a wider perspective. This research expects to clearly bring out the following elements. The practical benefits of active and proper advertising and branding and how it has led to marketing and organizational success in specific case stories. Working methodologies of promoting branding and advertising to achieve greater heights of organizational success. The proposal will also highlight the negative impacts of the practice, showing how the negative cases came about. It will then highlight the methods of overcoming the negative aspects. The above mentioned outcomes define the scope of work of the proper research so that the relevant apparatus will be directed accordingly (Buholaiqah, 2009). Conceptual Framework To understand a brand, one has to go beyond the logo, image or the tagline on the product. However, a consumer should look at a set of relationships and expectations from a product. After all, its the customers view about a product that determines whether he or she will purchase the product. There are some slight differences that a sales manager has to be will conversant with; for example, a product is always in the shop of a retailer whereas a brands is an imagination on the consumers mind, its so difficult to copy a brand as compared to copying a product by your competitor and finally, a brand last for long time periods compared to a product that quickly gets outdated. (Batey, 2008). Its also clear that consumers do not have a close association with a product as compared to a brand that has a set of promises with it. Therefore good brands stick for long in the consumers mind hence increasing their purchasing power thus promoting the companies name. Despite having a strong brand pro file, advertisement communication to the buyers is paramount to ensure the quick sale of the brand, otherwise if the communication is weak then the brand will definitely fail. To build a strong brand, a manager has to understand the competitors taste. Even though developing strong brands take a very long time, new brands need to be relevant and appealing to the buyers hence need to change over years to adapt with the changing consumers taste (Batey, 2008). Research Hypothesis As is conventional in research the hypotheses holds the positions that will be proved or questions that will answered by the outcomes of the research process. Accordingly, null and alternate hypotheses are often about the same principles. H 0(a): Advertising serve as communication gadgets by companies to its customers. H 1(a): Advertisement does not increase the revenue stream to the company leading to an increased and widened profit margin. H 0(b): Advertising has an Impact of increased revenue stream to the company. H 1(b): Advertising has no impact of organizational success to the company. H0 (c) Advertising has the impact of causing organization success to the company . Methodology In undertaking the research to test the above hypotheses, various methodologies will be employed, some of which involves the consumers whiles others engage the records of the company. In this regard, in investigating the effects (positive and negative) of advertising on the companys revenue stream and profitability, model companies will be selected. Six companies that practice active advertising in their marketing mix will be randomly sampled to help in the study and analysis. Those with exceptional result in profitability and revenue stream will be used as control. Their financial statement with the same trading year will be analyzed in terms of rate of stock turn over, revenue stream, profitability or losses among other financial analysis parameters. Further, the movement path of the product of the model companies will be followed for the most advertised product vis--vis the less advertised one to demarcate the effect of advertisement. This will ensure practical observation of the product movement through the market chains is achieved. This in turn will help explain the difference between the practices of advertisement in terms of product performance in the market. The other methods of obtaining information will include using key informant interviews using the Sales executives, financial controllers and the CEOs of the respective companies sampled. The conversation with the officials of the companies will focus on the advertisement implementation schemes of their companies and the effects on the balance sheet over the one year financial year. The use of questionnaires and surveys will be used in data gathering. In conducting the research on advertise, the following fact of the path of commodity movement in the channel must be understood. The product being advertised passes through the following stages in the hands of the consumer; (Naik, 2003) Introduction Stage: consumers are for the first time introduced to a new product in the market. This is the earliest stage in advertisement and the sales here for the product are very low but a lot of money is used in advertising the product. This is majorly because most consumers arent aware of the new product therefore advertisement is critical. Growth Stage: A good number of customers are well informed of the new product through advertising and the sales start to increase. Consumers buy more of the product after theyre convinced that this is the good or service they really need. The company starts making profits at this stage since less is spent on advertisement of the new product. Maturity Stage: Advertisement of the new product is still on though most customers are aware of the product. At this stage, total profits are still high though it continues to decline since the product is accepted by most of the buyers. Decline Stage: Most consumers exhaust the product or service under subject and tend to shift to the new products in the market. The sales and profits made here start to decline at a faster rate. The research will be conducted to evaluate the likely effects of advertising on the benefits the company and also the consumers view about the concept of labeling. The major focus is to obtain how and advertising shapes the customer perception of the product in question and how this translates into sales. (Naik and Raman, 2003). The consumers on the other hand must go through other additional processes including; Awareness Stage: At this stage, the consumers do not have information about the product but they are made aware of the new product being introduced by the company. Interest Stage: Consumers develop interest in the new product and start being inquisitive, the advertising sector of the company therefore comes in to describe the new product to the buyer. Evaluation Stage: The consumer compares the new product with the other initially used, he/she weighs the advantages and the disadvantages and finally makes the decision to try the product or not. Trial Stage: Consumers give the new product a trial over a period of time then compares the taste to the products initially used. Adoption Stage: Consumer finally decides and uses the good or service on a regular basis. Post-Adoption Confirmation Stage: This is the last stage where the consumer gets the assurance that he made the right decision to using the good on a regular basis. (Heaton, 2015). Data Analysis: Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies will be employed in this research. The data collected through the surveys and the questionnaires will be collated and statistically analyzed through the authentic packages. Thereupon, the analyzed data will be subjected to metaphysical and logical critiquing and reasoning to ensure the most probable conclusion. Qualitative Analysis: This analysis seeks to establish a causal link between the data generated from the collection and the expected happening to firm up the reasoning. The literary concepts are engaged to come up with an origin for forming a united association based on the learning from the online discussions and research. Alternative methods popular in this regard include FGD(focus groups discussion), thorough interviews, key informant interview and checking of documents. Inductive investigation and reason is particularly popular with this method to formulate a theory or hypothesis. Statistical tests are not engaged. (Nfs Gov., 1997). Quantitative Analysis: Statistical operations are used in this case. Items like tables, figures, excel sheets, pie charts and statistical functions are used. The collected data are manipulated in the process of statistical and mathematical modeling to produce patterns displayed in graphs to better explain the situation. Tools such as frequency distribution, regression analysis and central tendency measurement which are in the domain of descriptive statistics are used in this case. In analyzing the thesis, several tools which will tend to analyze whether the contemplated hypothesis are to be accepted or declined. In this research, just as has been mentioned, both the methods above will be complementarily engaged to develop the solution in handling the stated problem. Data realized through the questionnaires, interviews, survey and secondary sources will be organized in an orderly manner to enable seamless deployment of the two methods. Study Framework My study is expected to test the validity of the works done previously by other researchers in relation to my study. The existing theory will be used as a means of understanding the conflicting ideas among researchers. This research will be executed in a stepwise and organized fashion. The framework will include handling every segment in differentiated but linked chapters in the final report. Accordingly, the various segments will be assigned various time limits complete with the proposed budget. This will enable proper accounting for every resource used and the remaining bits. (Leighton, 2012). Timeline The time budget for the research operation can be mapped using the Gantt chart as shown below: Week Task 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Identification of Topic Finding Background Information Literature Review Collection Evaluation of Findings Research Design Data Collection Data Analysis a Expected outcome Identification Submission of Report Gantt chart: Proposed Budget and Its Justification The proposed cost for this study is $5800- $7800. All arrangements will be made to ensure that the various activities are carried out during the specified time frames as shown in the Gantt chart. The budget has taken care of the cost of acquisition of the resource documents from government departments and other organizations. It has also taken care of any unplanned activity and that is why the approximation is wide enough. The proposed cost will include the elements below: Review of the Literature will incorporate different resources such as textbooks, journals and online among other sources for the purpose of acquisition of data. The assigned cost is approximated to be $1300- $1600. The Data Collection method will involve; preparation and printing of questionnaires, their collection and distribution, facilitation of research assistants while researching and creating of mails. The budget for this will be $1800- $2500. Miscellaneous such as visiting government libraries for documents could also require some fee. This is budgeted for at $700-$1000. Data Analysis which will account for $2000- $2700. My parents will sponsor the whole of my project in case it goes through the proposal stage. The total budget for the operation is estimated to be in the range of $5800- $7800. The breakdown is shown below. Purpose Approximated Cost Literature Review $1300 - $1600 Data Collection $1800 - $2500 Data Analysis $2000 - $2700 Miscellaneous $700 - $1000 Total $5800 - $7800 References Batey, M. (2008), Brand Meaning, Taylor Francis Group, New York Buholaiqah, A. (2009). Employment Branding:The Impact of Company Image and Training. California State University. Retrieved from https://web.csulb.edu/colleges/cba/honors/thesis/documents/Ahmed_Thesis.pdf Dolatabadi, H. R., Kazemi, A., Soltani, N. (2012, November). The Impact of Brand Personality on Product Sale through Brand Equity (Case Study: Cosmetic Products Retailers). International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 02(11), 1-16. Retrieved from https://www.hrmars.com/admin/pics/1320.pdf Heaton, J. (2015). Invisible Consequences: How Branding Impacts B2B Sales. Invisible Consequences. Retrieved from https://www.tronviggroup.com/invisible-consequences/ Keller KL, Lehmann DR. Brands and branding: research findings and future priorities. Marketing Science 2006; 25(6): 740-759. Keller, K. L. (2004). BRANDS AND BRANDING: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND FUTURE PRIORITIES. Dartmouth College , Tuck School of Business . Retrieved from https://bear.warrington.ufl.edu/CENTERS/MKS/invited/BRANDS%20AND%20BRANDING.pdf Lake, L. (2016). What is Branding and Why is It Important? Branding Basics. Retrieved from https://marketing.about.com/od/brandstrategy/u/brandbasics.htm Landau, J. (2015). What is Branding? WHAT IS BRANDING? Retrieved from https://www.brickmarketing.com/define-branding.htm Leek, S., Christodoulides, G. (2004). A LITERATURE REVIEW AND FUTURE AGENDA FOR B2B BRANDING: CHALLENGES OF BRANDING IN A B2B CONTEXT. University of Birmingham, Birmingham Business School, Edgbaston. Retrieved from https://www.impgroup.org/uploads/papers/7395.pdf Leighton, J., Bird, G. (2012). The Effect of Branding on Consumer Choice. Original Research Report. Retrieved from https://www.packagingfedn.co.uk/images/reports/The%20Effect%20of%20Branding%20on%20Consumer%20Choice.pdf Lipksy, T. (2016). 4 EXAMPLES OF BRAND STRATEGY DRIVING ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS. 4 EXAMPLES OF BRAND STRATEGY DRIVING ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS. Retrieved from https://www.setteradvertising.com/4-examples-of-brand-strategy-driving-organizational-success Maurya, U. K., Mishra, P. (2012). What is a brand? A Perspective on Brand Meaning. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(3). Retrieved from https://iiste.org/Journals/index.php/EJBM/article/viewFile/1322/1244 Nfs Gov. (1997). Analyzing Qualitative Data. NFS. Retrieved from https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/1997/nsf97153/chap_4.htm Naik, P. A., Raman, K. (2003). Understanding the impact of synergy in multimedia communications. Journal of Marketing Research, 40(4), 375-388. Pauwels, K., Silva-Risso, J., Srinivasan, S., Hanssens, D. M. (2004). New products, sales promotions, and firm value: The case of the automobile industry. Journal of marketing, 68(4), 142-156. McAlister, L., Srinivasan, R., Kim, M. (2007). Advertising, research and development, and systematic risk of the firm. Journal of Marketing, 71(1), 35-48. Mizik, N., Jacobson, R. (2008). The financial value impact of perceptual brand attributes. Journal of Marketing Research, 45(1), 15-32. Simon CJ, Sullivan NW. The Measurement and Determinants of Brand Equity: A Financial Approach. Marketing Science 1993; 12(November): 28-52

Socrates Nature-Nurture Essays - Socratic Dialogues,

Socrates: Nature-Nurture Nature-Nurture Many things affect people and how they behave based on genetics and what type of environment they are raised in. Part of a person or animal's behavior stems from behaviors which are innate or what they are exposed to in life. Socrates is a dog who has a unique mutation where he also possesses human characteristics. Several events factor why he behaves the way he does through the abusive environment he lives in, and through his dog-like nature. Socrates' personality and behavior is partly influenced through the environment he lives in. In the beginning, environment plays a large role in developing Socrates. The reason he became mutated is because of the environment he was exposed to, which were the electrical X-rays at the professor's house. The environment of the X-rays that Socrates and the other puppies were exposed to seemed to be the one that caused the mutation. Another factor that contributed to Socrates' behavior was Jennings, who constantly surrounds him in an abusive environment. Jennings finds that Socrates is a unique dog and that he can learn tricks easily. In teaching Socrates, Jennings uses a system of punishments by whipping and beating on Socrates so that he will learn the tricks immediately. Through this environment, Socrates learns to continually be in fear of Jennings. If Socrates had lived with the professor, he would have grown to become better educated and taught more human-like characteristics. The p rofessor would have kept Socrates away from any harm and shelter him from people like Jennings who want to have Socrates strictly for financial gain. Nature played a big part in developing Socrates' behavior. Even though Socrates possessed many human characteristics, he always had his dog-like nature. Socrates still kept his loyalty towards Jennings, due to the ?man's best friend? factor although Jennings always abused him. Even when the professor attempted to kill Jennings, Socrates was continually loyal to his master that he even gave his own life to attempt to save Jennings from drowning. Another characteristic of his dog nature is his sense of smell. All dogs have an acute sense of smell and Socrates was able to use that to his advantage to find the professor. He also could sense other things that humans could not, such as sounds and images that are out of our absolute threshold. While visiting the professor, Socrates was able to associate with other dogs, like Tess, and he enjoyed being in contact her since she is also a dog. Behaviorists and Freudians would address the nature-nurture question in different ways. In a nature-nurture environment in a behaviorist's view, the way a person is treated due to punishments and rewards. Through experiencing particular ways of punishments and rewards, a person's behavior and personality is developed. In a Freudians view of the nature-nurture issue, expressed would be the biological factors behind the behavioral and mental process. Hidden conflict in the mind through a Freudian's point-of-view would motivate much of a person's behavior. Also the role of environment where Socrates comes into contact with different types of people such as Jennings and the professor, is an issue that deals with Freudian views. Freudians believe that who a person comes into social contact with can help shape a person's personality development. Psychology Essays